Isaiah 32:2
in Isaiah 32Each will be like a shelter from the wind, a refuge from the storm, like streams of water in a dry land, like the shadow of a great rock in an arid land.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And a man shall be as a hiding-place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest, as streams of water in a dry place, as the shade of a great rock in a weary land.
KJV
And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest; as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.
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This verse in Isaiah 32
Commentary
17 notes on this verseAs the shadow of a great rock - The shadow of a great projecting rock is the most refreshing that is possible in a hot country, not only as most perfectly excluding the rays of the sun, but also as having in itself a natural coolness, which it reflects and communicates to every thing about it. Speluncaeque tegant, et saxea procubet umbra. Virg. Georg. 3:145. “Let the cool cave and shady rock protect them.” Επει κεφαλην και γουνατα Σειριος αζει, Αυαλεος δε τε χρως απο καυματος· αλλα τοτ’ ηδη Ειη πετραιη τε σκιν, και Βιβλινος οινος. Hesiod.
This site's exposition
a king will reign in righteousness
on Isaiah 32:1-2
Isaiah announces that "a king will reign in righteousness, and princes will rule with justice". Matthew Henry and John Wesley found the nearest occasion in the reign of Hezekiah, who followed Ahaz. Each ruler will be "like a shelter from the wind, a refuge from the storm".
This site's exposition
the shadow of a great rock
Each figure answers a desert hazard: wind, storm, thirst and heat. Adam Clarke noted that a great rock gives the coolest shade in a hot country, for the stone itself holds a chill. The rulers of verse 1 are to shelter their people in the same way.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers1 voice
(Chapter 32, Verses 1 onwards) Behold, the king shall reign with justice, and princes shall rule with judgment. And a man shall be like one who hides from the wind, and conceals himself from the storm: like streams of water in a dry place, and the shadow of a towering rock in a barren land. The eyes of those who see shall not be dim, and the ears of those who hear shall listen carefully. And the heart of fools shall understand knowledge, and the tongue of stammerers shall speak quickly and clearly.
The Medieval Church1 voice
As to consolation in tribulation: and a man shall be as when one is hid from the wind, above: there shall be a tabernacle for a shade in the daytime from the heat (Isa 4:6).
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
It is a great reviving to a good man, who makes conscience of doing his duty, in the midst of contempt and contradiction, at length to be backed, and favoured, and smiled upon in it by a good magistrate. All this, and much more, the man Christ Jesus is to all the willing faithful subjects of his kingdom.
They shall reign in righteousness and in judgment, with wisdom and equity, protecting the good and punishing the bad; and those kings and princes Christ owns as reigning by him who decree justice, Prov. viii. Such a King, such a Prince, Christ himself is; he reigns by rule, and in righteousness will he judge the world, ch. ix.
And a man shall be as an hiding place from the wind, and a covert from the tempest,....
9 more voices on this verse
The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice
A prophecy of the great disturbance that would be given to the kingdom in the middle of his reign by the Assyrian invasion,
The Nineteenth Century8 voices
I SUPPOSE it must be conceded that the surface sense of this passage refers to Hezekiah and to other good kings who were the means of great blessings to the declining kingdom of Judah. We can scarcely be thankful enough for a righteous government. If, for a few years, we could feel the yoke of despotism, we should better appreciate the joys of freedom. In the prophecy before us, very much is said in praise of a king who shall reign in righteousness and princes who shall rule in judgment.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
a man--rather, the man Christ [LOWTH]; it is as "the Son of man" He is to reign, as it was as Son of man He suffered (Mt 26:64; Not as MAURER explains, "every one of the princes shall be," &c. rivers--as refreshing as water and the cool shade are to the heated traveller (Isa 35:6, 7;
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — starts-lowercase+unbalanced-parens
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3031: “'The Shadow of a Great Rock'” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
[Other Sermons by Mr. Spurgeon on previous portions of this verse, are as follows—No. 2856, Volume 49—OUR HIDING PLACE and No. 1243, Volume 21—RIVERS OF WATER IN A DRY PLACE.] EVEN in our usually temperate climate, we sometimes complain of the great heat, which is coolness itself compared with the terrible burning of Oriental lands. A journey through the Sahara Desert might make us long for even the heat of our hottest summer, unbearable though it seems to us to be.
I SUPPOSE it must be conceded that the surface sense of this passage refers to Hezekiah and to other good kings who were the means of great blessings to the declining kingdom of Judah. We can scarcely be thankful enough for a righteous government. If, for a few years, we could feel the yoke of despotism, we should better appreciate the joys of freedom. In the prophecy before us, very much is said in praise of a king who shall reign in righteousness and princes who shall rule in judgment. Such men are the protectors of the State, enriching it by commerce and blessing it with peace. They deserve honor and the Word of God renders it to them. But I cannot bring my mind to believe that these expressions were intended by the Holy Spirit to have no other and higher reference. They appear to me to be far too full of meaning to be primarily or solely intended for Hezekiah or any other mere man. When the Holy Spirit declared, by the mouth of the Prophet, "A man shall be as a hiding place from the wind and a cover from the tempest, as rivers of water in a dry place, as the shadow of great rock in a weary land," it can scarcely be conceived that he referred only to Hezekiah and his princes. It cannot be that the Church of God has erred these many years in not applying such a passage as this to the Lord Jesus Christ. Surely the words are not only applicable to Him, but can never be fully understood until they are applied to His ever blessed and adorable Person.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2856: “Our Hiding Place” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
ONE who is really worthy to be called "a man" is a rare creature. There are great numbers of human beings who come under the generic name, "men," who do not possess those noble, manly characteristics which would entitle us truly to speak of any one of them as "a man." When God gives "a man" to any nation, it is a grand gift. There are many names in history which remind us how much blessing may be conferred upon a race and upon an age by the raising up of one man. It is possible that in the first instance my text refers to Hezekiah the king of Judah. The Assyrians had invaded the land and the army and the nation were powerless to defend their territory. It seemed as though the homes of the people would be utterly destroyed by fire and that the inhabitants would be either slain by the sword or carried away into captivity. But there was one man, named Hezekiah, who, though he had not a great army, had great faith in the power of prayer to God. And so he took Rab-Shakeh's blasphemous letter and spread it before the Lord in earnest supplication. He sent word to another true man, the Prophet Isaiah, begging him to also lift up his prayer to God—and the Prophet sent to the king the cheering intelligence that the Assyrian monarch would not be able to enter Jerusalem, but would be driven back to his own city of Nineveh—and should be slain by the sword in his own land! Hezekiah and Isaiah were, for Judea, a hiding place from the wind and a cover from the tempest in that time of stress and storm. Nor is it only in sacred story that we find illustrations of such an experience as my text describes. I might remind you of some of our kings and other great men who have been a hiding place and a cover to our own land in the day of danger and of distress.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2856: “Our Hiding Place” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
ONE who is really worthy to be called "a man" is a rare creature. There are great numbers of human beings who come under the generic name, "men," who do not possess those noble, manly characteristics which would entitle us truly to speak of any one of them as "a man." When God gives "a man" to any nation, it is a grand gift. There are many names in history which remind us how much blessing may be conferred upon a race and upon an age by the raising up of one man.
A commentator
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3031: “'The Shadow of a Great Rock'” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) · Written before 1892.
proposed
[Other Sermons by Mr. Spurgeon on previous portions of this verse, are as follows—No. 2856, Volume 49—OUR HIDING PLACE and No. 1243, Volume 21—RIVERS OF WATER IN A DRY PLACE.] EVEN in our usually temperate climate, we sometimes complain of the great heat, which is coolness itself compared with the terrible burning of Oriental lands. A journey through the Sahara Desert might make us long for even the heat of our hottest summer, unbearable though it seems to us to be. With the hot sand beneath his feet from day to day, with not a tree and scarcely so much as a bush within sight. With the sun pouring down torrents of heat as though he were full of wrath against the wayfarer, with water exceedingly scarce and what is to be obtained about as nauseous as one can conceive, the traveler through the wilderness finds it to be a "weary land," indeed, and longs for the time when he shall once again see the cultivated fields and the lands that flow with brooks and rivers! Travelers tell us that when the heat has become so intense that every living creature seems to be exhausted—when birds, if there are any, droop their wings, and beasts lie down and pant out their very life—at such times they have been glad to see great rocks right in the center of the barren plain. And, creeping under their shadow, they have left it on record that they have found most refreshing coolness and have lifted up their hands in gratitude to God for the blessing of "the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." Though I have never experienced to the same degree what these travelers report, I remember one hot day in Northern Italy, when riding over a dry plain where the only living creatures seemed to be the lizards and the abundant flies which they were pursuing, and the myriads of mosquitoes that stung one almost to madness—a great rock was really a source of solid comfort.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
And a man - That is, evidently, the man referred to in the previous verse, to wit, Hezekiah. Shall be as an hiding-place from the wind - A place where one may take refuge from a violent wind and tempest (see the note at Isa 25:4). A covert - A place of shelter and security. Wind and tempest are emblematic of calamity and oppression; and the sense is, that Hezekiah would be the protector of his people, and would save them from the calamities to which they had been subjected in former reigns. As rivers of water - This figure is often used in Isaiah (see Isa 35:6-7; and the notes at Isa 41:18). It means that the blessings of such a reign would be as grateful and refreshing as gushing fountains and running streams were to a thirsty traveler. Here it refers to the benefits that would be conferred by the reign of Hezekiah - a reign which, compared with that of his father, would be like a refreshing fountain to a weary pilgrim in a pathless desert. As the shadow of a great rock - In a burning desert of sand nothing is more grateful than the cooling shade of a far-projecting rock. It not only excludes the rays of the sun, but it has itself a refreshing coolness that is most grateful to a weary traveler. The same figure is often used by the classic writers (see Virgil, “Georg.” iii, 145; Hesiod, ii. 106). In a weary land - A land where there is fatigue and weariness. Probably here it is used to denote a land destitute of trees, and groves, and pleasant abodes; a land where one expects weariness and fatigue without any refreshment and shelter. The following description from Campbell’s “Travels in Africa” will explain this: ‘Well does the traveler remember a day in the wilds of Africa, where the country was chiefly covered with burning sand; when, scorched with the powerful rays of an almost vertical sun, the thermometer in the shade standing at 100 degrees (Fahrenheit). […]
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
On the verses either side of this one
Behold, for righteousness shall a king reign Behold a king has no right to reign except to execute righteous judgment.
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Behold, a king shall reign in truth, and the righteous shall be magnified to execute just vengeance on the people.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
14 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| וְהָיָה־ | vehayah- | and he will be | H1961 → | 3559 times |
| אִ֥ישׁ | ʾish | each | H376 → | 1663 times |
| כְּמַֽחֲבֵא־ | kemachave'- | like a hiding place of | H4224 → | |
| ר֖וּחַ | ruach | a wind | H7307 → | 378 times |
| וְסֵ֣תֶר | veseter | and a shelter of | H5643 → | 36 times |
| זָ֑רֶם | zarem | a rainstorm | H2230 → | 9 times |
| כְּפַלְגֵי־ | kefalgei- | like streams of | H6388 → | |
| מַ֣יִם | mayim | water | H4325 → | 581 times |
| בְּצָי֔וֹן | betzayon | in a dry land | H6724 → | |
| כְּצֵ֥ל | ketzel | like [the] shadow of | H6738 → | 49 times |
| סֶֽלַע־ | sela'- | a rock | H5553 → | 58 times |
| כָּבֵ֖ד | kaved | heavy | H3515 → | 41 times |
| בְּאֶ֥רֶץ | beeretz | in a land | H776 → | 2504 times |
| עֲיֵפָֽה׃ | ʾayefah | weary | H5889 → | 17 times |
וְהָיָה־and he will be
vehayah-H1961 →3559 times
אִ֥ישׁeach
ʾishH376 →1663 times
כְּמַֽחֲבֵא־like a hiding place of
kemachave'-H4224 →
ר֖וּחַa wind
ruachH7307 →378 times
וְסֵ֣תֶרand a shelter of
veseterH5643 →36 times
זָ֑רֶםa rainstorm
zaremH2230 →9 times
כְּפַלְגֵי־like streams of
kefalgei-H6388 →
מַ֣יִםwater
mayimH4325 →581 times
בְּצָי֔וֹןin a dry land
betzayonH6724 →
כְּצֵ֥לlike [the] shadow of
ketzelH6738 →49 times
סֶֽלַע־a rock
sela'-H5553 →58 times
כָּבֵ֖דheavy
kavedH3515 →41 times
בְּאֶ֥רֶץin a land
beeretzH776 →2504 times
עֲיֵפָֽה׃weary
ʾayefahH5889 →17 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Isaiah 44:3For I will pour water on the thirsty land, and currents on the dry ground. I will pour out My Spirit on your descendants, and My blessing on your offspring.
it leads to
- Joel 2:28
And afterward, I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions.
- Acts 2:17
‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out My Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams.
- Isaiah 59:21
“As for Me, this is My covenant with them,” says the LORD. “My Spirit will not depart from you, and My words that I have put in your mouth will not depart from your…
- John 7:37–39
On the last and greatest day of the feast, Jesus stood up and called out in a loud voice, “If anyone is thirsty, let him come to Me and drink.
- Proverbs 1:23
If you had repented at my rebuke, then surely I would have poured out my spirit on you; I would have made my words known to you.
- Joel 2:28
Through
Isaiah 9:6For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and the government will be upon His shoulders. And He will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of…
it leads to
- Luke 2:11
Today in the city of David a Savior has been born to you. He is Christ the Lord!
- Matthew 28:18
Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me.
- Jeremiah 23:5–6
Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and He will reign wisely as King and will administer justice and righteousness in the land.
- Luke 2:11
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies1
About Isaiah

This page draws on 11 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1243: “Rivers Of Water In A Dry Place” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 3031: “'The Shadow of a Great Rock'” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2856: “Our Hiding Place” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Commentary on Isaiah; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Isaiah.
