Parallel translations
4 additional translations▾
Parallel translations
4 additional translationsASV
They that are deceased tremble Beneath the waters and the inhabitants thereof.
WEB
The dead tremble— those beneath the waters and those who dwell in them.
YLT
The Rephaim are formed, Beneath the waters, also their inhabitants.
DBT
The shades tremble beneath the waters and the inhabitants thereof;
About this book
Old Testament▾
About this book
Old TestamentJob — The canonical wisdom-literature interrogation of undeserved suffering. A prose frame enclosing three cycles of dialogue, a late Elihu interrupt, and a whirlwind theophany that does not answer the question — it relativizes it.
- Author
- Anonymous. Talmudic tradition names Moses (Bava Batra 14b); internal features (patriarchal setting, no Mosaic Law reference, Job sacrificing as family head, *qesitah* currency of Gen 33:19) suggest patriarchal-era composition or at least tradition-origin.
- Date
- Traditional: patriarchal period, c. 2000–1800 BC. Critical proposals scatter across pre-exilic to post-exilic. §7.9 surfaces; Pastor Marc's drawer takes the position.