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2 Kings 20:12

in 2 Kings 20

At that time Merodach-baladan son of Baladan king of Babylon sent letters and a gift to Hezekiah, for he had heard about Hezekiah’s illness.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

At that time Berodach-baladan the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah; for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick.

KJV

At that time Berodach–baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present unto Hezekiah: for he had heard that Hezekiah had been sick.

This verse in 2 Kings 20

Commentary

8 notes on this verse
At that time Berodachbaladan,.... He is called Merodachbaladan, Isa 39:1, so here in the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions; See Gill on Isa 39:1; and by Metasthenes (z) his father is called Merodach, and he Ben Merodach, who reigned twenty one years, and his father fifty two; from hence to the end of 2Ki 20:12 the same account is given in the same words as in Isa 39:1 throughout, except in 2Ki 20:13, where it is, "hearkened unto them", and there, "glad of them"; heard the letter the ambassadors brought with pleasure; see the notes there.

This site's exposition

sent letters and a present

on 2 Kings 20:12-13

Merodach-baladan's envoys arrive with letters and a present, ostensibly congratulating a recovered king, and Hezekiah answers by showing them everything: the silver, the gold, the spices, the armor, nothing in his house or his dominion left unseen. Babylon and Assyria were rivals at this date, and the visit reads as diplomacy on Babylon's side, an approach to a king who had just embarrassed the Assyrian army; on Hezekiah's side the commentators read pride, pointing to 2 Chronicles 32:25 where his heart was lifted up at the honor God had shown him. A courtesy call from the power that will one day carry this same treasure away opens the door the rest of the chapter walks through.

The record, by era

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

It is good having those our friends whom we perceive to be the favourites of heaven. Upon the account of civil interest. If the king of Babylon was now mediating a revolt from the king of Assyria, it was policy to get Hezekiah into his interest, in answer to whose prayers, and for whose protection, heaven had given that fatal blow to the king of Assyria.

The Nineteenth Century4 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

At that time Berodach-baladan - He is called Merodach-Baladan, Isa 39:1, and by the Septuagint, Syriac, and Arabic versions, and by several of Kennicott’s and De Rossi’s MSS.; and also by the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds. The true reading seems to be Merodach; the מ mem and ב beth might be easily interchanged, and so produce the mistake. Sent letters and a present - It appears that there was friendship between the king of Babylon and Hezekiah, when the latter and the Assyrians were engaged in a destructive war.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

But, after the destruction of Sennacherib, presents were brought him from various quarters, out of respect to a king who, by his faith and prayer, saved his country; and besides, it is by no means improbable that from the corpses in the Assyrian camp, all the gold and silver he had paid might be recovered.
AND what of that? Was it not the most natural thing in all the world to do? Who among us would not have shown the strangers over our house, and our garden, and our library, and have pointed out to them any little treasures and curiosities which we might happen to possess? And what if Hezekiah was somewhat proud of his wealth? Was it not a most natural pride that he, who was a monarch of so small a territory, should nevertheless be able, by economy and good government, to accumulate so large and varied a treasure?
AND what of that? Was it not the most natural thing in all the world to do? Who among us would not have shown the strangers over our house, and our garden, and our library, and have pointed out to them any little treasures and curiosities which we might happen to possess? And what if Hezekiah was somewhat proud of his wealth? Was it not a most natural pride that he, who was a monarch of so small a territory, should nevertheless be able, by economy and good government, to accumulate so large and varied a treasure? Did it not show that he was prudent and thrifty? And might he not commend himself as an example to the Babylonian ambassadors by showing what these virtues had done for him? Exactly so. This is just as man sees. But God sees after another sort: "Man looks at the outward appearance, but God looks at the heart." Things are not to God as they seem to us. Actions which apparently, and upon the surface, and even so far as human judgment can go, may appear to be either indifferent or even laudable, may seem to God to be so hateful that His anger may burn against them! We look upon a needle, and to our naked eye it is as smooth as glass, but when we put it under the microscope it appears at once to be as rough as a raw bar of iron. It is much after this manner with our actions. They may seem in our own judgments, and in the judgments of our fellow creatures to be as bright and smooth as the needle for their excellence. But when they come under the inspection of the all-seeing God they are full of all manner of roughness of sin. Our lilies may be the Lord's nettles, and our gardens nothing better than a wilderness in His sight. Yet another reflection which strikes one at the very first blush of this affair, namely, that God has a different rule for judging His children's doings from that which He applies to the actions of strangers.
1 more voice on this verse

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

Berodach-baladan - The correct form of this name, Merodach-baladan, is given in Isaiah Isa 39:1. It is a name composed of three elements, Merodach, the well-known Babylonian god Jer 50:2, but (pal) “a son;” and iddin, or iddina, “has given;” or Baladan may be a form of Beliddin. This king of Babylon is mentioned frequently in the Assyrian inscriptions, and he was not unknown to the Greeks. He had two reigns in Babylon. First of all, he seized the throne in the same year in which Sargon became king of Assyria, 721 B.C., and held it for 12 years, from 721 B.C. to 709 B.C., when Sargon defeated him, and took him prisoner. Secondly, on the death of Sargon and the accession of Sennacherib, when troubles once more arose in Babylonia, be returned there, and had another reign, which lasted six months, during a part of the year 703 B.C. As the embassy of Merodach-Baladan followed closely on the illness of Hezekiah, it would probably be in 713 B.C. The son of Baladan - In the inscriptions Merodach-Baladan is repeatedly called the son of Yakin or Yagin. This, however, is a discrepancy which admits of easy explanation. The Assyrians are not accurate in their accounts of the parentage of foreign kings. With them Jehu is “the son of Omri.” Yakin was a prince of some repute, to whose dominions Merodach-baladan had succeeded. The Assyrians would call him Yakin’s son, though he might have been his son-in-law, or his grandson. The embassy was not merely one of congratulation. Its chief object was to inquire with respect to the going back of the shadow, an astronomical marvel in which the Chaldaeans of Babylon would feel a keen interest 2Ch 32:31. A political purpose is moreover implied in the next verse. Merodach-baladan was probably desirous of strengthening himself against Assyria by an alliance with Judaea and with Egypt.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

For he heard that Chizkiyohu was ill. And until that day no person who had ever been ill, had become well. Now, how did he hear?
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on II Kings 20:12:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

18 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • בָּעֵ֣תat the time

    baetH6256296 times

  • הַהִ֡יא<the> that

    hahi'H19311879 times

  • שָׁלַ֡חhe sent

    shalachH7971845 times

  • בְּרֹאדַ֣ךְMerodach-

    berodakhH1255

  • בַּ֠לְאֲדָןBaladan

    baladonH1255

  • בֶּֽן־[the] son of

    ben-H11214930 times

  • בַּלְאֲדָ֧ןBaladan

    baladanH1081

  • מֶֽלֶךְ־[the] king of

    melekh-H44282525 times

  • בָּבֶ֛לBabylon

    bavelH894262 times

  • סְפָרִ֥יםletters

    sefarimH5612186 times

  • וּמִנְחָ֖הand a gift

    uminchahH4503211 times

  • אֶל־to

    ʾel-H4135510 times

  • חִזְקִיָּ֑הוּHezekiah

    chizkiyahuH2396127 times

  • כִּ֣יfor

    kiH35884482 times

  • שָׁמַ֔עhe had heard

    shama'H80851159 times

  • כִּ֥יthat

    kiH35884482 times

  • חָלָ֖הhe had been sick

    chalahH247076 times

  • חִזְקִיָּֽהוּ׃Hezekiah

    chizkiyahuH2396127 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Genesis 11:9

    That is why it is called Babel, for there the LORD confused the language of the whole world, and from that place the LORD scattered them over the face of all the earth.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 10:10

      His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

    • Genesis 10:5

      From these, the maritime peoples separated into their territories, according to their languages, by clans within their nations.

    • Genesis 10:20

      These are the sons of Ham according to their clans, languages, lands, and nations.

    • Acts 17:26

      From one man He made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and He determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their lands.

  • Through

    2 Chronicles 32:31

    And so when ambassadors of the rulers of Babylon were sent to him to inquire about the wonder that had happened in the land, God left him alone to test him, that He might…

    it leads to

    • Deuteronomy 8:2

      Remember that these forty years the LORD your God led you all the way in the wilderness, so that He might humble you and test you in order to know what was in your…

    • Proverbs 17:3

      A crucible for silver and a furnace for gold, but the LORD is the tester of hearts.

    • John 15:5

      I am the vine and you are the branches. The one who remains in Me, and I in him, will bear much fruit. For apart from Me you can do nothing.

  • Through

    Genesis 10:10

    His kingdom began in Babylon, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.

    it leads to

    • Genesis 11:9

      That is why it is called Babel, for there the LORD confused the language of the whole world, and from that place the LORD scattered them over the face of all the earth.

Where this verse is studied

What the record shows

1 entry
  • Merodach-baladan II — attested in contemporary inscriptionundisputed

    Sennacherib inscriptions; Neo-Babylonian Chronicles

    Biblical figure (King of Babylon, 721-710, 703 BC) identified in extra-biblical epigraphy.

About 2 Kings

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 704: Hezekiah And The Ambassadors, Or, Vainglory Rebuked; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 704: “Hezekiah And The Ambassadors—Or, Vainglory Rebuked” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.