1 Timothy 3:16
in 1 Timothy 3By common confession, the mystery of godliness is great: He appeared in the flesh, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was proclaimed among the nations, was believed in throughout the world, was taken up in glory.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness; He who was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the spirit, Seen of angels, Preached among the nations, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory.
KJV
And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory.
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This verse in 1 Timothy 3
Commentary
25 notes on this verseThe manuscripts
"God was manifest in the flesh" — two letters apart
Older Bibles read "God was manifest in the flesh"; newer ones read "He who was manifested." In ancient Greek capitals the difference is two small strokes, and the deity of Christ does not rest on this verse. What it changes: Not the deity of Christ, which does not depend on this verse and never has. John 1:1 says the Word was God. Thomas says to the risen Jesus, "My Lord and my God." Titus 2:13 speaks of our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ. Hebrews 1:8 has the Father addressing the Son as God. Colossians 2:9 says all the fullness of the Godhead dwells in him bodily. Romans 9:5 blesses Christ as God over all. Remove 1 Timothy 3:16 from the discussion entirely and the doctrine stands exactly where it stood.
Behold the Savior's greatness. It extends to all the world.… Go up to the heavens. See how he fills the celestial regions, "He appeared to the angels." Go down in your mind to the nether world. See that he went down there, too.… Ponder the Lord's power, how it has filled the world—that is, the heavens, the earth and the nether regions.
This site's exposition
the mystery of godliness is great
The chapter closes on an early hymn of six lines in three pairs, tracing the Son from incarnation to ascension. The earliest Greek manuscripts read who, rendered He appeared in the flesh, while the Byzantine text behind the King James reads God.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers5 voices
And confessedly, great is the mystery of godliness: God was revealed in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen by angels, preached among the nations, believed on in the world, received up in glory. confessedly. For no one doubts this. And faith which is in …
But when the fullness of time was come, she [Wisdom] was sent, not to fill angels, nor to be an angel, except in so far as she announced the counsel of the Father, which was her own also; nor, again, to be with men or in men, for this too took place before, both in the fathers and in the prophets; but that the Word itself should be made flesh, that is, should be made man. In which future mystery, when revealed, was to be the salvation of those wise and holy men also, who, before He was born of the Virgin, were born of women; and in which, when done and made known, is the salvation of all who believe, and hope, and love. For this is "the great mystery of godliness, which was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world, received up into glory."
The "mystery" is the scriptural teaching concerning Christ.
We hold it necessary to honour, even as the Father is honoured, the God Who was manifested by the Cross, and they [the Eunomians] find the Passion a hindrance to glorifying the Only-begotten God equally with the Father that begat Him.… Eunomius makes the suffering of the Cross to be a sign of divergence in essence, in the sense of inferiority, considering, I know not how, the surpassing act of power, by which He was able to perform this, to be an evidence of weakness; failing to perceive the fact that, while nothing which moves according to its own nature is looked upon as surprisingly wonderful, all things that overpass the limitations of their own nature become especially the objects of admiration, and to them every ear is turned, every mind is attentive, in wonder at the marvel. And hence it is that all who preach the word point out the wonderful character of the mystery in this respect,—that "God was manifested in the flesh," that "the Word was made flesh," that "the Light shined in darkness," "the Life tasted death," and all such declarations which the heralds of the faith are wont to make, whereby is increased the marvellous character of Him Who manifested the superabundance of His power by means external to His own nature.
Well, I on my side will first explain the reason of his offence, that I may the more easily explode the scandal of our heretic. Now, that the very Lord Himself of all might, the Word and Spirit of the Father, was operating and preaching on earth, it was necessary that the portion of the Holy Spirit which, in the form of the prophetic gift, had been through John preparing the ways of the Lord, should now depart from John, and return back again of course to the Lord, as to its all-embracing original.
17 more voices on this verse
The Church Fathers4 voices
And so it was no new counsel, no tardy pity whereby God took thought for men: but from the constitution of the world He ordained one and the same Cause of Salvation for all. For the grace of God, by which the whole body of the saints is ever justified, was augmented, not begun, when Christ was born: and this mystery of God's great love, wherewith the whole world is now filled, was so effectively presignified that those who believed that promise obtained no less than they, who were the actual recipients.
A commentator
Theodoret of CyrusINTERPRETATION OF THE FIRST LETTER TO TIMOTHY · Written before 458.
proposed
The "mystery" is the sacred object of reverence, namely, that what was foreordained from the beginning and afterward became manifest.
"Had ye known My Essence and My Dignity, ye would have known that of the Father also; and henceforth ye shall know Him, and have seen Him," (the one belonging to the future, the other to the present,) that is, "by Me." By "sight," He meaneth knowledge by intellectual perception. For those who are seen we may see and not know; but those who are known we cannot know and not know. Wherefore He saith, "and ye have seen Him"; just as it saith, "was seen also of Angels." (1 Tim. iii. 16.) Yet the very Essence was not seen; yet it saith that He "was seen," that is, as far as it was possible for them to see. These words are used, that thou mayest learn that the man who hath seen Him knoweth Him who begat Him. But they beheld Him not in His unveiled Essence, but clothed with flesh.
"And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness; God [He who] was manifest in the flesh, justified in the Spirit." Here he speaks of the Dispensation in our behalf. Tell me not of the bells, nor of the holy of holies, nor of the high priest. The Church is the pillar of the world. Consider this mystery, and thou mayest be struck with awe: for it is indeed "a great mystery," and "a mystery of godliness," and that "without controversy" or question, for it is beyond all doubt. Since in his directions to the Priests he had required nothing like what is found in Leviticus he refers the whole matter to Another, saying, "God was manifest in the flesh." The Creator was seen incarnate. "He was justified in the Spirit." As it is said, "Wisdom is justified of her children," or because He practiced no guile, as the Prophet says, "Because he had done no violence, neither was guile found in his mouth." (Isa. liii. 9; 1 Pet. ii. 22) "Seen of Angels." So that Angels together with us saw the Son of God, not having before seen Him. Great, truly great, was this mystery! "Preached unto the Gentiles, believed on in the world." He was heard of and believed in through all parts of the world, as the Prophet foreshowed, saying, "Their sound is gone out into all the world." (Ps. xix. 4) Think not that these things are mere words, for they are not, but full of hidden realities. "Received up into glory." He ascended upon clouds. "This Jesus," it is said, "Who is taken up from you, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen Him go into heaven." (Acts i. 11) The dispensation in our behalf he calls a "mystery," and well may it be so called, since it is not manifest to all, nay, it was not manifest to the Angels, for how could it, when it was "made known by the Church"? (Eph. iii. 10) Therefore he says, "without controversy great is the mystery." Great indeed was it. […]
The Medieval Church3 voices
A commentator
BonaventureCollationes de Septem Donis, Collation 3 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
The second original influence of piety itself is from incarnate Wisdom. Whence the Apostle to Timothy: "Manifestly great is the sacrament of piety, which was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit, appeared to Angels, was preached to the nations, was believed in the …
The economy of our salvation is a mystery. This mystery is "great," a mystery "of godliness," for it is beyond all doubt. But what kind of mystery is it that everyone knows? Very many know it, but not all. And even if all know it …
Then when he says, and evidently great, he commends the truth of the Church: first, Christ, for whose manifestation it appeared; second, its exaltation, at is taken up into glory. But he commends Christ in two ways: first, in regard to his divine nature; second, …
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
God was manifest in the flesh - In the form of a servant, the fashion of a man, for three and thirty years. Justified by the Spirit - Publicly "declared to be the Son of God," by his resurrection from the dead. Seen - Chiefly after his resurrection.
He was made sin for us, and was delivered for our offences; but, being raised again, he was justified in the Spirit; that is, it was made to appear that his sacrifice was accepted, and so he rose again for our justification, as he was delivered for our offences, Rom. iv.
And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness,....
The Nineteenth Century7 voices
And, without controversy - Και ὁμολογουμενες· And confessedly, by general consent, it is a thing which no man can or ought to dispute; any phrase of this kind expresses the meaning of the original.
THE Apostle had just reminded Timothy that the Church of the living God is the pillar and ground of the Truth of God, and he had pressed it upon him to behave himself aright in the midst of those faithful men to whom the Lord had committed the Gospel. And, lest by any means the youthful minister should think that the treasure committed to the Church was of little value, he declares that beyond all controversy it was great and precious.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
Opposed to "glory" (Joh 3:16, 17). This followed upon His being "preached" (Ro 10:14). received up into glory--Greek, "in glory." However, English Version may be retained thus, "Received up (so as now to be) in glory," that is, into glory (Mr 16:19;
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
THE Apostle had just reminded Timothy that the Church of the living God is the pillar and ground of the Truth of God, and he had pressed it upon him to behave himself aright in the midst of those faithful men to whom the Lord had committed the Gospel. And, lest by any means the youthful minister should think that the treasure committed to the Church was of little value, he declares that beyond all controversy it was great and precious. Every heathen religion had its mystery, its secret doctrine revealed only to the initiated which was held to be the essence of the faith. The mystery of some religions was mere froth, foolish if untrue, and if true of no consequence to anyone. But even those who do not believe the facts of our religion can hold no controversy with us about the unspeakable greatness of them, if they are, indeed, true. Be a man what he may, if he is reasonable he will admit that Christianity does not deal in trifles. Like the eagle, it does not hawk for flies—it aspires to conquer the loftiest themes of thought. Right or wrong, the subjects with which we deal are not secondary, but wear about them an awful interest which none but the frivolous despise. Jesus sits in no second place among teachers. Paul mentions what the mystery of godliness is and declares that it concerns the manifestation of God in human flesh that He might save men from their sin. Now, says he, without controversy this is a great matter. If it is received by us as true, it becomes us to act as those who are put in trust with a priceless deposit with which we dare not be otherwise than faithful. There is no room for indifference where the Gospel is concerned—it is either the most astounding of shams, or the most amazing of revelations! No man can safely remain undecided about it—it is too weighty, too solemn to be snuffed at as a matter of no concern.
THE Apostle tells us in the preceding verse that the Lord has a double design in maintaining His Church in the world. The first is that it may be the place of His abode, for the Church of the living God is "the house of God," the home wherein He reveals Himself unto His own children, the resting place of His love which He has of old appointed. Jehovah still inhabits the praises of Israel and still He fulfills His promise to His chosen, "I will dwell in them and walk in them." (2 Cor. 6:16).
THE Apostle tells us in the preceding verse that the Lord has a double design in maintaining His Church in the world. The first is that it may be the place of His abode, for the Church of the living God is "the house of God," the home wherein He reveals Himself unto His own children, the resting place of His love which He has of old appointed. Jehovah still inhabits the praises of Israel and still He fulfills His promise to His chosen, "I will dwell in them and walk in them." (2 Cor. 6:16). Blessed is the Church which has realized this first design of God and so has continued to enjoy the Lord's Presence and power. May we in this place be a building fitly framed together and grow unto a holy temple in the Lord, for a habitation of God through the Spirit. God's next purpose in sustaining a Church in the world is that it may preserve and uphold His Truth among men, for the Church of the living God is "the pillar and ground of the Truth." The Gospel must be believed, practiced and proclaimed by men of God or it will not have power. God does not trust the conservation of His Truth to books, or to the most accurately written creeds, or to some one person supposed to be infallible—He puts the incorruptible Seed into the hearts of His chosen and in such good soil its vitality and its growth secure its preservation. Even the inspired Word, as a letter, has small power till it gains a lodging place for the Truth in a warm heart—and then it grows and yields fruit till its boughs spread far and wide and its seeds are wafted on the wings of every wind to spring up on the hills and among the valleys where none had looked for them. As long as one copy of the Holy Scriptures remains in the world we shall have the pure Truth of God among us, but it will be like an unplanted seed.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
And, without controversy - Undeniably, certainly. The object of the apostle is to say that the truth which he was about to state admitted of no dispute. Great is the mystery - On the meaning of the word “mystery,” see the notes on 1Co 2:7. The word means that which had been hidden or concealed. The meaning here is not that the proposition which he affirms was mysterious in the sense that it was unintelligible, or impossible to be understood; but that the doctrine respecting the incarnation and the work of the Messiah, which had been so long “kept hidden” from the world, was a subject of the deepest importance. This passage, therefore, should not be used to prove that there is anything unintelligible, or anything that surpasses human comprehension, in that doctrine, whatever may be the truth on that point; but that the doctrine which he now proceeds to state, and which had been so long concealed from mankind, was of the utmost consequence. Of godliness - The word “godliness” means, properly, piety, reverence, or religiousness. It is used here, however, for the gospel scheme, to wit, that which the apostle proceeds to state. This “mystery,” which had “been hidden from ages and from generations, and which was now manifest” Col 1:26, was the great doctrine on which depended “religion” everywhere, or was that which constituted the Christian scheme. God - Probably there is no passage in the New Testament which has excited so much discussion among critics as this, and none in reference to which it is so difficult to determine the true reading. It is the only one, it is believed, in which the microscope has been employed to determine the lines of the letters used in a manuscript; and, after all that has been done to ascertain the exact truth in regard to it, still the question remains undecided. […]
The words behind it
26 Greek wordsEvery Greek word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Greek | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Καὶ | kai | And | G2532 → | 9120 times |
| ὁμολογουμένως | homologoumenos | confessedly | G3672 → | |
| μέγα | mega | great | G3173 → | |
| ἐστὶν | estin | is | G1510 → | 2333 times |
| τὸ | to | the | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| τῆς | tes | <the> | G3588 → | 19766 times |
| εὐσεβείας | eusebeias | of godliness | G2150 → | 15 times |
| μυστήριον, | musterion | mystery: | G3466 → | |
| ὃς | hos | Who | G3739 → | 1405 times |
| ἐφανερώθη | ephanerothe | was revealed | G5319 → | |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| σαρκί, | sarki | [the] flesh, | G4561 → | |
| ἐδικαιώθη | edikaiothe | was justified | G1344 → | |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| πνεύματι, | pneumati | [the] Spirit, | G4151 → | 378 times |
| ὤφθη | ophthe | beheld | G3700 → | |
| ἀγγέλοις, | angelois | by angels, | G32 → | |
| ἐκηρύχθη | ekeruchthe | was proclaimed | G2784 → | |
| ἐν | en | among | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| ἔθνεσιν, | ethnesin | [the] nations, | G1484 → | |
| ἐπιστεύθη | episteuthe | was believed on | G4100 → | 237 times |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| κόσμῳ, | kosmo | [the] world, | G2889 → | 185 times |
| ἀνελήμφθη | anelemphthe | was taken up | G353 → | |
| ἐν | en | in | G1722 → | 2738 times |
| δόξῃ.¶ | doxe | glory. | G1391 → | 165 times |
ΚαὶAnd
kaiG2532 →9120 times
ὁμολογουμένωςconfessedly
homologoumenosG3672 →
μέγαgreat
megaG3173 →
ἐστὶνis
estinG1510 →2333 times
τὸthe
toG3588 →19766 times
τῆς<the>
tesG3588 →19766 times
εὐσεβείαςof godliness
eusebeiasG2150 →15 times
μυστήριον,mystery:
musterionG3466 →
ὃςWho
hosG3739 →1405 times
ἐφανερώθηwas revealed
ephanerotheG5319 →
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
σαρκί,[the] flesh,
sarkiG4561 →
ἐδικαιώθηwas justified
edikaiotheG1344 →
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
πνεύματι,[the] Spirit,
pneumatiG4151 →378 times
ὤφθηbeheld
ophtheG3700 →
ἀγγέλοις,by angels,
angeloisG32 →
ἐκηρύχθηwas proclaimed
ekeruchtheG2784 →
ἐνamong
enG1722 →2738 times
ἔθνεσιν,[the] nations,
ethnesinG1484 →
ἐπιστεύθηwas believed on
episteutheG4100 →237 times
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
κόσμῳ,[the] world,
kosmoG2889 →185 times
ἀνελήμφθηwas taken up
anelemphtheG353 →
ἐνin
enG1722 →2738 times
δόξῃ.¶glory.
doxeG1391 →165 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
John 1:14The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the one and only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.
it leads to
- 1 John 4:9
This is how God’s love was revealed among us: God sent His one and only Son into the world, so that we might live through Him.
- Hebrews 1:3
The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His nature, upholding all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the…
Reached by 2 separate paths from here.
- Galatians 4:4
But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,
- John 1:1
In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
- Isaiah 40:5
And the glory of the LORD will be revealed, and all humanity together will see it. For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.”
- 1 John 4:9
Through
Hebrews 1:3The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His nature, upholding all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the…
it leads to
- Colossians 1:15–17
The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation.
- Revelation 4:11
“Worthy are You, our Lord and God, to receive glory and honor and power, for You created all things; by Your will they exist and came to be.”
- John 14:9–10
Jesus replied, “Philip, I have been with you all this time, and still you do not know Me? Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the…
- Colossians 1:15–17
Where this verse is studied
On this page
About 1 Timothy

This page draws on 22 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, ON THE TRINITY 4.20.27; Bonaventure, Collationes de Septem Donis, Collation 3; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 786: “The Great Mystery of Godliness” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1087: “The Hexapla Of Mystery” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Gregory of Nyssa, AGAINST EUNOMIUS 5.3; J. B. Lightfoot, Notes on the Epistles of St Paul; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, Homily on John 73; John Chrysostom, Homily on 1 Timothy 11; John Gill, Exposition of the New Testament (1746-1748); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament; Leo the Great, SERMON 23.4; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Oecumenius, COMMENTARY ON 1 TIMOTHY; Origen of Alexandria, HOMILIES ON LUKE, 6.9-10; Tertullian, Against Marcion Book IV; Theodore of Mopsuestia, COMMENTARY ON 1 TIMOTHY; Theodoret of Cyrus, INTERPRETATION OF THE FIRST LETTER TO TIMOTHY; Theophylact of Ohrid, Commentary on 1 Timothy and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on 1 Timothy.
