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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 12

8 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →

Key verse

The words of the Lord are pure words: as silver tried in a furnace of earth, purified seven times.

The chapter

Chapter summary

The godly man ceaseth and the faithful fail; men speak falsehood with flattering lips and a double heart, saying 'our lips are our own: who is lord over us?' Against that speech stand the words of Jehovah: pure words, as silver tried in a furnace, purified seven times. 'Because of the sighing of the needy, now will I arise': Jehovah will keep and preserve his own though the wicked walk on every side.

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview

Where the chapter sits

Psalms 12 falls in Book I: Davidic core (chapters 1–41). Ps 1 (Torah-delight) + Ps 2 (messianic enthronement) as intentional introduction; Davidic dominance; Torah-praise Psalms 1 and 19; six penitential / lament clusters. Doxology at 41:13.

After it: Book II: Davidic + Korahite, chapters 42–72.

The whole shape of Psalms

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 12
When
The reign of David, in a season when honest men seemed to be running out · c. 1010-970 BC by the superscription
Where
A society where deals are made with the tongue and no one's word can be trusted
Who first heard it
Israelites doing business in a marketplace full of flattery and double talk

The history

The heading repeats "upon Sheminith," the same musical direction as Psalm 6, probably a lower register or an eight-stringed instrument. The two psalms sit far apart in mood, so the term is about scoring, not subject.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

The center of this psalm is a refiner's shop. Silver was purified by heating the ore in a crucible or a clay furnace with a blast of air from bellows, so the lead and dross oxidized and could be drawn off. The metalworker repeated the cycle until the surface went bright and still. "Purified seven times" is the workman's way of saying there is nothing left in it but silver, and that is what God's words are compared to.

"With a double heart" translates a Hebrew phrase that reads "with a heart and a heart", two sets of books. In a world without written contracts for most transactions, where a sale was closed by a spoken word before witnesses at the gate, a man with two hearts broke the only machinery a community had.

"Our lips are our own: who is lord over us?" is the boast of people who have discovered that speech is free and consequences are slow. The psalm's reply is that the Lord will cut off flattering lips, the tongue that thought it had no owner does have one.

What it meant to them

"Help, Lord; for the godly man ceaseth" gave Israel language for feeling outnumbered. The psalm never argues them out of that feeling.

What it does instead is set two kinds of speech side by side, the puffed talk of men, and words tried in a furnace seven times, and tell them which one will still be standing when the vilest men are exalted.

Sources cited

  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 12
  • John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews & Mark W. Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Verses 1 to 8

1. (vv. 1-2)

a.Help, O LORD opens the psalm, and the trouble named is a shortage of honest men, the godly gone and the faithful vanished. Verse 2 names the corruption, flattering lips and a double heart, speech that says one thing while the heart holds another. Matthew Henry reads that double heart as the psalm's target.

Psalms 12:1, 4 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.

Psalms 12:1

There is no righteous one left anywhere, he said, who can become the author of my deliverance. Truly I lack a Savior, and since there is none, you yourself, Lord, be my Savior.

Eusebius of Caesarea· written before 339· COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 12:2-3patristic

Psalms 12:1

The merciful man hath failed. Some think that this is a complaint that the righteous had been unjustly put to death; as if the Psalmist had said, Saul has cruelly cut off all who observed justice and faithfulness. But I would understand the words in a simpler sense, as meaning that there is no longer any beneficence or truth remaining among men.

John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed

Psalms 12:1

"Help, Lord." A short but sweet, suggestive, seasonable, and serviceable prayer; a kind of angel's sword, to be turned every way, and to be used on all occasions. Ainsworth says the word rendered "help, " is largely used for all manner of saving, helping, delivering, preserving, etc. Thus it seems that the prayer is very full and instructive.

Psalms 12:1

THIS was a prayer of David. It was offered under peculiar circumstances. He had been treacherously betrayed again and again. He delivered the city of Keilah from the Philistines and then had to flee from the place, or the men of Keilah would have delivered him up to his enemy, Saul. He went to the wilderness of Ziph and the men of Ziph at once ran to Saul to betray him. Doeg was present when David received some help from Ahimelech the priest and he set off straightway to inform the king.

Psalms 12:2, 4 voices

Psalms 12:2

Regard for truth is in danger of being snuffed out, with everyone, you might say, suffering from distrust in one another.… They pretend friendship and perform the actions of enemies.… Some use their lips to direct falsehood into their neighbor's heart; others return the compliment.

Theodoret of Cyrus· written before 458· COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 12:2patristic

Psalms 12:2

Our speech, therefore, must be sincere in order that it may be as it were a mirror, in which the uprightness of our heart may be beheld. __________________________________________________________________ Calvin's words literally rendered are, with a heart and a heart, and this is a very literal translation of the Hebrew words vlv vlv, be-leb va-leb.

John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed

Psalms 12:2

"They speak vanity every one with his neighbour." They utter that which is vain to hear, because of its frivolous, foolish, want of worth; vain to believe, because it was false and lying; vain to trust to, since it was deceitful and flattering; vain to regard, for it lifted up the hearer, filling him with proud conceit of himself. It is a sad thing when it is the fashion to talk vanity. "Ca'me, and I'll ca'thee." is the old Scotch proverb; give me a high sounding character, and I will give you one.

Psalms 12:2

This is the devil's image complete, a complication of malice and falsehood. The times are bad indeed when there is no such thing as sincerity to be met with, when an honest man knows not whom to believe nor whom to trust, nor dares put confidence in a friend, in a guide, Mic. vii.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

2. (vv. 3-4)

a.cut off all flattering lips: Verse 3 asks the LORD to cut off the flattering lips of verse 2 and every boastful tongue with them. Verse 4 gives their boast, that their tongues will prevail and no one is their master. Spurgeon reads it as the tongue made its own sovereign.

Psalms 12:3, 2 voices

Psalms 12:3

When the Lord wipes out those things that are base, he will destroy those very things, so that when those things that have come on a person unexpectedly have been destroyed, the foremost creation of God whom the baser things had overtaken may take up the higher things.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 12:4patristic

Psalms 12:3

Total destruction shall overwhelm the lovers of flattery and pride, but meanwhile how they hector and fume! Well did the apostle call them "raging waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame." Free-thinkers are generally very free-talkers, and they are never more at ease than when railing at God's dominion, and arrogating to themselves unbounded license. Strange is it that the easy yoke of the Lord should so gall the shoulders of the proud, while the iron bands of Satan they bind about themselves as chains of honour: they boastfully cry unto God, "Who is lord over us?"

Psalms 12:4, 1 voice

Psalms 12:4

With mouths agape they heedlessly utter whatever occurs to them, scornful of divine long-suffering and giving no thought to their falling under the lordship of God.

Theodoret of Cyrus· written before 458· COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 12:3patristic

1 more voice on this verse

3. (v. 5)

a.The LORD Himself speaks here, the one place in the psalm where He does. He will now arise for the cause of the oppressed and the groaning of the needy, and the safety He promises goes to the man who yearns for it. Barnes reads the verse as the psalm's center.

Psalms 12:5, 2 voices

Psalms 12:5

"I will arise" is a metaphor to indicate that the one who is not familiar with the human need to lie down out of weakness does in fact rise up. But he says I will arise, I will appear and be manifest in the Son. …

Cassiodorus· written before 585· EXPLANATION OF THE PSALMS 12:6patristic

Psalms 12:5

In due season the Lord will hear his elect ones, who cry day and night unto him, and though he bear long with their oppressors, yet will he avenge them speedily. Observe that the mere oppression of saints, however silently they bear it, is in itself a cry to God: Moses was heard at the Red Sea, though he said nothing; and Hagar's affliction was heard despite her silence. Jesus feels with his people, and their smarts are mighty orators with him. By-and-by, however, they begin to sigh and express their misery, and then relief comes post-haste.

1 more voice on this verse

4. (vv. 6-8)

a.The words of the LORD are flawless, tried like silver in a furnace and purified like gold sevenfold. Verse 7 promises that the LORD will keep and guard His people from this generation, and verse 8 ends the psalm with the wicked walking free and vileness exalted among men. Gill reads that ending as the psalm's honesty.

Psalms 12:6, 3 voices

Psalms 12:6

The words of the Lord are pure words,.... This observation the psalmist makes in reference to what is just now said in Psa 12:5,, and in opposition to the words of wicked men in Psa 12:2; which are deceitful, sinful, and impure. The Scriptures are the words of God; and they are pure and holy, free from all human mixtures, and from all fraud and deceit; they are the Scriptures of truth.

Psalms 12:6

IN this Psalm our text stands in contrast with the evil of the age. The Psalmist complains that the "godly man ceases. The faithful fail from among the children of men." It was a great grief to him and he found no consolation except in the Words of the Lord. What if men fail—the Word of the Lord abides! What a comfort it is to quit the arena of controversy for the green pastures of Revelation! One feels like Noah, when shut within the ark—he saw no longer the death and desolation which reigned outside.

Psalms 12:6

What a contrast between the vain words of man, and the pure words of Jehovah. Man's words are yea and nay, but the Lord's promises are yea and amen. For truth, certainty, holiness, faithfulness, the words of the Lord are pure as well-refined silver.

Psalms 12:7, 1 voice

Psalms 12:7

In the worst of times God has his remnant, and in every age will reserve to himself a holy seed and preserve that to his heavenly kingdom. In singing this psalm, and praying it over, we must bewail the general corruption of manners, thank God that things are not worse than they are, but pray and hope that they will be better in God's due time.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 12:8, 3 voices

Psalms 12:8

"Therefore the wicked walk round about," so that they never reach the end of the journey they intend, namely to afflict others as they wish. Is. 59: "Their paths are crooked." And why? "Because according to your height you have multiplied the children of men"; …

Thomas Aquinas· written before 1274· Exposition on the Psalms of Davidpatristic

Psalms 12:8

Here we return to the fount of bitterness, which first made the psalmist run to the wells of salvation, namely, the prevalence of wickedness. When those in power are vile, their underlings will be no better. As a warm sun brings out noxious flies, so does a sinner in honour foster vice everywhere. Our turf would not so swarm with abominables if those who are styled honourables did not give their countenance to the craft.

Psalms 12:8

Bad men are base men, the vilest of men, and they are so though they are ever so highly exalted in this world. Antiochus the illustrious the scripture calls a vile person, Dan. xi. But it is bad with a kingdom when such are preferred; no marvel if wickedness then grows impudent and insolent.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 12. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 11 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Cassiodorus, EXPLANATION OF THE PSALMS 12:6; Charles Spurgeon; Eusebius of Caesarea, COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 12:2-3; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; John Calvin, Commentaries (1554); John Gill; Matthew Henry; Origen of Alexandria, SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 12:4; Theodoret of Cyrus and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.

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