Psalm 126
6 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →
Psalms 126:1-3
turned again the captivity of Zion: The Hebrew title, not shown on this page's text, names this a Song of degrees, one of the ascent psalms sung climbing toward Jerusalem. When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion uses a set formula that recurs across the Old Testament for a reversal too large to credit to circumstance, the same words promising restoration at Deut 30:3 and describing Job's own restoration at Job 42:10. Two readings of the occasion stand named without a verdict: the return under Cyrus after the Babylonian exile, so much of the bench, or any great national deliverance, since the psalm names no king and no decree. The joy arrives dream-like before it is explained: even the heathen say the Lord hath done great things for them, and Israel then repeats the nations' own sentence as its confession.
Voices on this verse, 2What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:1, in their own words.
Psalms 126:1
“Now, whoever was the author of it, whether one of the Levites or one of the Prophets, he affirms that the manner of their deliverance was too wonderful to be attributed to fortune, in order to lead the faithful to the conclusion that the prophecy of Jeremiah, which had assigned seventy years as the term of the captivity, was truly fulfilled.”
John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed
Psalms 126:1
“When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like them that dream. Being in trouble, the gracious pilgrims remember for their comfort times of national woe which were succeeded by remarkable deliverances. Then sorrow was gone like a dream, and the joy which followed was so great that it seemed too good to be true, and they feared that it must be the vision of an idle brain. So sudden and so overwhelming was their joy that they felt like men out of themselves, ecstatic, or in a trance.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 7 (1885)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Voices on this verse, 2What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:2, in their own words.
Psalms 126:2
“Then was our mouth filled with laughter,.... Who before mourned, and hung their harps on the willows, and could not sing the Lord's song in a strange land; but now, as their hearts were filled, with joy, this was externally and visibly seen in their countenances, and expressed with their mouths and by outward gestures; it was so great, they could not contain it, to which respect is had, Isa 35:”
Psalms 126:2
“Now shall our mouth be filled with laughter. The adverb of time, 'z, az, is commonly translated then; but as the verbs are in the future tense, I have thought that it might not be improper to translate tires -- grow shall our mouth be filled, and now shall they say.”
John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed
Voices on this verse, 3What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:3, in their own words.
Psalms 126:3
“The Lord hath done great things for us,.... These words are generally supposed to be the words of the Jews, taking up those of the Gentiles, and confirming them; acknowledging that the Lord had done great things for them indeed; which, had they not owned, they would have been exceeding ungrateful; had they been silent concerning them, the stones would have cried out, and the very Heathens condemned them.”
Psalms 126:3
“The Lord hath done great things for us; whereof we are glad. They did not deny the statement which reflected so much glory upon Jehovah: with exultation they admitted and repeated the statement of Jehovah's notable dealings with them. To themselves they appropriated the joyful assertion; they said "The Lord hath done great things for us ", and they declared their gladness at the fact. It is a poor modesty which is ashamed to own its joys in the Lord. Call it rather a robbery of God.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 7 (1885)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 126:3
“The heathen were but spectators, and spoke of it only as matter of news; they had no part nor lot in the matter; but the people of God spoke of it as sharers in it, (1.) With application: "He has done great things for us, things that we are interested in and have advantage by." Thus it is comfortable speaking of the redemption Christ has wrought out as wrought out for us.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 126:4
as the streams in the south: Turn again our captivity, O Lord, as the streams in the south takes the psalm from praise into petition: the formula of verse 1 becomes a request, because a past deliverance does not settle every present need. The streams in the south are the dry wadis of the Negev, channels that stay empty for months and then fill and run within a single storm, an image of restoration arriving all at once rather than by slow degrees. Barnes and the older writers read the prayer as covering any incomplete return, whether the remnant back from Babylon still poor and few, or a later generation praying the same words over its own unfinished restoration.
Voices on this verse, 2What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:4, in their own words.
Psalms 126:4
“Turn again our captivity, O Lord,.... This prayer for the return of the captivity shows that it was not as yet: though some think that this is a petition of those that were returned from captivity, for those of their brethren that stayed behind; who, enjoying the sweets of their liberty, pray for their brethren to come and share with them, that so the mercy and blessing might be completed.”
Psalms 126:4
“The point of comparison is joy at the reappearing of what has been so painfully missed. As in husbandry the sower may cast his seed in a dry and parched soil with desponding fears, so those shall reap abundant fruit who toil in tears with the prayer of faith.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Psalms 126:5-6
sow in tears: They that sow in tears shall reap in joy states an agricultural proverb the psalm applies to the returned community, whose beginnings were thin enough to weep over. He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed pictures grain scarce enough that scattering it on the ground rather than eating it costs the sower something real, precious naming the sacrifice inside the act of planting. The promise answers exactly: he shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him, the same man on the same road, the tears of the sowing turned into the joy of the harvest he carries home.
Voices on this verse, 3What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:5, in their own words.
Psalms 126:5
"Blessed are they who weep, for they shall laugh." They, therefore, who spend the days of their life, which is already at its consummation and declining toward its setting, in weeping for their sins, these will be glad in that true morning that is approaching. "They that sow in tears shall reap in joy," of course, in the future.
Basil of Caesarea· fourth century· HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 14:4patristic
Psalms 126:5
“They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. Hence, present distress must not be viewed as if it would last for ever; it is not the end, by any means, but only a means to the end. Sorrow is our sowing, rejoicing shall be our reaping. If there were no sowing in tears there would be no reaping in joy. If we were never captives we could never lead our captivity captive. Our mouth had never been filled with holy laughter if it had not been first filled with the bitterness of grief.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 7 (1885)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 126:5-6
“Nay, there are tears which are themselves the seed that we must sow, tears of sorrow for sin, our own and others, tears of sympathy with the afflicted church, and the tears of tenderness in prayer and under the word.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Voices on this verse, 4What preachers and commentators have said about Psalms 126:6, in their own words.
Psalms 126:6
“Good works are the seeds, good pursuits are the seeds; tears are the seeds. They went, he says, and wept, casting their seeds. But what? Shall they weep forever? Far from it! But they shall come with exultation, carrying their sheaves. Rightly with exultation, when …”
Bernard of Clairvaux· twelfth century· Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 37patristic
Psalms 126:6
“He. The general assurance is applied to each one in particular. That which is spoken in the previous verse in the plural—"they", is here repeated in the singular—"he." He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious seed shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 7 (1885)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 126:6
“THE whole of our life we are sowing. In activity, in suffering, in thought, in word we are always scattering imperishable seed. Some sow amidst laughter and merriment—they sow unto the lusts of the flesh and shall of the flesh reap corruption. Theirs is easy work and suitable to their inclinations. All around them siren songs cheer them in the fields of transgression as they go forth with the seed of hemlock to scatter it broadcast in the furrows.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 867: “Tearful Sowing and Joyful Reaping” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition) (1869)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 126:6
“He that goeth forth--literally, better, "He goes--he comes, he comes," &c. The repetition implies there is no end of weeping here, as there shall be no end of joy hereafter (Isa 35:10). precious seed--rather, seed to be drawn from the seed box for sowing; literally, "seed-draught." Compare on this Psalm, Jer 31:9, &c.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Where the chapter sits
Psalms 126 falls in Book V: Hallel and Hallelujah (chapters 107–150). Songs of Ascents (120–134); Hallel (113–118); Great Hallel (136); Torah-praise acrostic Ps 119; fivefold Hallelujah doxology (146–150) as the Psalter's close.
Before it: Book IV: YHWH reigns, chapters 90–106.
The whole shape of Psalms→Key words
The Hebrew words this chapter turns on, by how often it uses them. Each one opens its word study.
| Word | What it means | Verses |
|---|---|---|
| יְהֹוָהYᵉhôvâh4 times, as יְ֭הוָה, יְ֝הוָ֗ה | LORD | 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| רִנָּהrinnâh3 times, as רִ֫נָּ֥ה, בְּרִנָּ֥ה, בְרִנָּ֑ה | cry | 2, 5, 6 |
| שׁוּבshûwb2 times, as בְּשׁ֣וּב, שׁוּבָ֣ה | to return | 1, 4 |
| אָזʼâz2 times, as אָ֤ז, אָ֭ז | then | 2 |
| גָּדַלgâdal2 times, as הִגְדִּ֥יל, הִגְדִּ֣יל | to magnify | 2, 3 |
| עָשָׂהʻâsâh2 times, as לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת | to make | 2, 3 |
Cross references
The 8 chapters this one speaks with, most first. Open a row for the verses it shares.
Galatians 62 verses
Psalms 126:6
Galatians 6:7Be not deceived; God is not mocked: for whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he also reap.Psalms 126:5
Galatians 6:9And let us not be weary in well doing: for in due season we shall reap, if we faint not.- Read Galatians 6 →
Isaiah 351 verse
Psalms 126:2, 5
Isaiah 35:10And the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away.- Read Isaiah 35 →
Hosea 61 verse
Psalms 126:1
Hosea 6:11Also, O Judah, he hath set an harvest for thee, when I returned the captivity of my people.- Read Hosea 6 →
Joel 31 verse
Psalms 126:1
Joel 3:1For, behold, in those days, and in that time, when I shall bring again the captivity of Judah and Jerusalem,- Read Joel 3 →
The rest of the chapters this one speaks with, 4 of them, for a reader following a thread past the four above
- Jeremiah 311 verse
- Job 81 verse
- Zechariah 81 verse
- Luke 11 verse
Cross-references from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and OpenBible.info.
The world behind itThe place, the time and the people around this chapter, for a reader who wants the setting.
The world behind this chapter
Psalms 126The history
The psalm has two halves and a hinge. The first half remembers a homecoming so unlikely that the returnees felt like men dreaming, and neighboring nations said out loud that the LORD had done something big. The second half asks God to do it again, which means the first wave of joy has worn off.
The prayer in between asks for streams in the dry south country. The Negev is the arid region below Judah, cut by valleys that are bone dry for most of the year. After the winter rains those same channels run with water and the ground greens almost overnight. A farmer who had seen that knew exactly what he was asking for.
The sowing in tears is not a mood. In a lean year a farmer's seed grain was also his family's food, and carrying a sack of it out to scatter on the ground meant taking bread out of his children's hands on the chance of a harvest months away. People wept doing it.
The return with sheaves is the other end of the same year. Harvest was a communal celebration with shouting in the fields, and a man walking home under an armload of cut grain was walking proof that the gamble had paid.
What it meant to them
This was a song for people in the gap between a rescue that had happened and a restoration that had not finished. The walls were low, the temple was modest, and the neighbors were hostile.
It tells them the gap is a planting season. What looks like loss going into the ground is the same substance that comes back multiplied.
Sources cited
- Walton, Matthews and Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 126
Connections
Where this chapter reaches into the rest of Scripture, with the verse each connection stands on.
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Psalms 126. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on 9 works. Open for the list.
This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Basil of Caesarea, HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 14:4; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 37; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Calvin; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and Matthew Henry.
