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Exodus

Exoduschapter 28

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A.Garments for Glory and Beautyvv. 1-5

1 “Next, have your brother Aaron brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab, Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar, to serve Me as priests. 2 Make holy garments for your brother Aaron, to give him glory and splendor. 3 You are to instruct all the skilled craftsmen, whom I have filled with a spirit of wisdom, to make garments for Aaron’s consecration, so that he may serve Me as priest. 4 These are the garments that they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a woven tunic, a turban, and a sash. They are to make these holy garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so that they may serve Me as priests. 5 They shall use gold, along with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen.

B.The Ephod and Its Shoulder Stonesvv. 6-14

6 They are to make the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. 7 It shall have two shoulder pieces attached at two of its corners, so it can be fastened. 8 And the skillfully woven waistband of the ephod must be of one piece, of the same workmanship—with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. 9 Take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel: 10 six of their names on one stone and the remaining six on the other, in the order of their birth. 11 Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings. 12 Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD. 13 Fashion gold filigree settings 14 and two chains of pure gold, made of braided cord work; and attach these chains to the settings.

C.The Breastplate, Urim and Thummimvv. 15-30

15 You are also to make a breastpiece of judgment with the same workmanship as the ephod. Construct it with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. 16 It must be square when folded over double, a span long and a span wide. 17 And mount on it a setting of gemstones, four rows of stones: In the first row there shall be a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald; 18 in the second row a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond; 19 in the third row a jacinth, an agate, and an amethyst; 20 and in the fourth row a beryl, an onyx, and a jasper. Mount these stones in gold filigree settings. 21 The twelve stones are to correspond to the names of the sons of Israel, each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes. 22 For the breastpiece, make braided chains like cords of pure gold. 23 You are also to make two gold rings and fasten them to the two corners of the breastpiece. 24 Then fasten the two gold chains to the two gold rings at the corners of the breastpiece, 25 and fasten the other ends of the two chains to the two filigree settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. 26 Make two more gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece, on the inside edge next to the ephod. 27 Make two additional gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, on its front, near its seam just above its woven waistband. 28 The rings of the breastpiece shall be tied to the rings of the ephod with a cord of blue yarn, so that the breastpiece is above the waistband of the ephod and does not swing out from the ephod. 29 Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place, he shall bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of judgment, as a continual reminder before the LORD. 30 And place the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece of judgment, so that they will also be over Aaron’s heart whenever he comes before the LORD. Aaron will continually carry the judgment of the sons of Israel over his heart before the LORD.

D.Robe, Golden Plate, and Tunicsvv. 31-43

31 You are to make the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth, 32 with an opening at its top in the center. Around the opening shall be a woven collar with an opening like that of a garment, so that it will not tear. 33 Make pomegranates of blue, purple, and scarlet yarn all the way around the lower hem, with gold bells between them, 34 alternating the gold bells and pomegranates around the lower hem of the robe. 35 Aaron must wear the robe whenever he ministers, and its sound will be heard when he enters or exits the sanctuary before the LORD, so that he will not die. 36 You are to make a plate of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: HOLY TO THE LORD. 37 Fasten to it a blue cord to mount it on the turban; it shall be on the front of the turban. 38 And it will be worn on Aaron’s forehead, so that he may bear the iniquity of the holy things that the sons of Israel consecrate with regard to all their holy gifts. It shall always be on his forehead, so that they may be acceptable before the LORD. 39 You are to weave the tunic with fine linen, make the turban of fine linen, and fashion an embroidered sash. 40 Make tunics, sashes, and headbands for Aaron’s sons, to give them glory and splendor. 41 After you put these garments on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint them, ordain them, and consecrate them so that they may serve Me as priests. 42 Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh. 43 Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the Tent of Meeting or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place, so that they will not incur guilt and die. This is to be a permanent statute for Aaron and his descendants.

Commentary on this chapter: read the Exposition
← Back: Exodus 27Continue: Exodus 29 →

Chapter summary

The priestly garments.

Read the rest, the context and the outline ▾

The priestly garments. For Aaron the high priest: ephod, breastplate, robe, broidered coat, mitre, girdle. The ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, with onyx shoulder-stones engraved with the names of the twelve tribes. The breastplate of judgment. Twelve precious stones in four rows, one for each tribe. Bearing the names ‘upon his heart’ when he goes in before the LORD. Urim and Thummim set within it. The robe of blue with bells and pomegranates alternating on the hem, sounding as he goes in and out of the holy place. The plate of pure gold on the mitre: HOLINESS TO THE LORD.

Drawn from Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory, Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary, John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and John Calvin, Commentaries.

Context

Law · Moses — Exodus overview

  • A. 1–5 Garments for Glory and Beauty
  • B. 6–14 The Ephod and Its Shoulder Stones
  • C. 15–30 The Breastplate, Urim and Thummim
  • D. 31–43 Robe, Golden Plate, and Tunics
Top cross-references8 chapters ▾
  • Exodus 3914 verses
    • Exodus 39:2Bezalel made the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
    • Exodus 39:4They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened.
    • Exodus 39:6They mounted the onyx stones in gold filigree settings, engraved like a seal with the names of the sons of Israel.
    • Exodus 39:8He made the breastpiece with the same workmanship as the ephod, with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen.
    • Exodus 39:10And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;
    • Exodus 39:11the second row had a turquoise, a sapphire, and a diamond;
    • Read Exodus 39: 8 more there →
  • Exodus 2810 verses
    • Exodus 28:4These are the garments that they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a woven tunic, a turban, and a sash. They are to make these holy garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so that they may serve Me as priests.
    • Exodus 28:12Fasten both stones on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear their names on his two shoulders as a memorial before the LORD.
    • Exodus 28:13Fashion gold filigree settings
    • Exodus 28:14and two chains of pure gold, made of braided cord work; and attach these chains to the settings.
    • Exodus 28:22For the breastpiece, make braided chains like cords of pure gold.
    • Exodus 28:27Make two additional gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the two shoulder pieces of the ephod, on its front, near its seam just above its woven waistband.
    • Read Exodus 28: 4 more there →
  • Leviticus 84 verses
    • Leviticus 8:7He put the tunic on Aaron, tied the sash around him, clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on him. He tied the woven band of the ephod around him and fastened it to him.
    • Leviticus 8:8Then he put the breastpiece on him and placed the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece.
    • Leviticus 8:9Moses also put the turban on Aaron’s head and set the gold plate, the holy diadem, on the front of the turban, as the LORD had commanded him.
    • Leviticus 8:30Next, Moses took some of the anointing oil and some of the blood that was on the altar and sprinkled them on Aaron and his garments, and on his sons and their garments. So he consecrated Aaron and his garments, as well as Aaron’s sons and their garments.
    • Read Leviticus 8 →
  • Exodus 293 verses
    • Exodus 29:5Take the garments and clothe Aaron with the tunic, the robe of the ephod, the ephod itself, and the breastplate. Fasten the ephod on him with its woven waistband.
    • Exodus 29:7Then take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it on his head.
    • Exodus 29:9Wrap the sashes around Aaron and his sons and tie headbands on them. The priesthood shall be theirs by a permanent statute. In this way you are to ordain Aaron and his sons.
    • Read Exodus 29 →
4 more chapters this one speaks with
  • Revelation 213 verses
    • Revelation 21:11shining with the glory of God. Its radiance was like a most precious jewel, like a jasper, as clear as crystal.
    • Revelation 21:12The city had a great and high wall with twelve gates inscribed with the names of the twelve tribes of Israel, and twelve angels at the gates.
    • Revelation 21:19The foundations of the city walls were adorned with every kind of precious stone: The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire, the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,
    • Read Revelation 21 →
  • Numbers 182 verses
    • Numbers 18:1So the LORD said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your father’s house must bear the iniquity involving the sanctuary. And you and your sons alone must bear the iniquity involving your priesthood.
    • Numbers 18:7But only you and your sons shall attend to your priesthood for everything concerning the altar and what is inside the veil, and you are to perform that service. I am giving you the work of the priesthood as a gift, but any outsider who comes near the sanctuary must be put to death.”
    • Read Numbers 18 →
  • Exodus 312 verses
    • Exodus 31:3And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, with skill, ability, and knowledge in all kinds of craftsmanship,
    • Exodus 31:10as well as the woven garments, both the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to serve as priests,
    • Read Exodus 31 →
  • Ephesians 12 verses
    • Ephesians 1:13And in Him, having heard and believed the word of truth—the gospel of your salvation—you were sealed with the promised Holy Spirit,
    • Ephesians 1:17that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you a spirit of wisdom and revelation in your knowledge of Him.
    • Read Ephesians 1 →

Cross-references from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and OpenBible.info.