2 Chronicleschapter 4
22 verses · Ezra, by tradition · 450 to 400 BC · History
It was a handbreadth thick, and its rim was fashioned like the brim of a cup, like a lily blossom. It could hold three thousand baths.
Introduction
Ezra, by tradition, History, 2 Chronicles Overview.
This chapter was written for a congregation whose own temple held one lampstand where Solomon's held ten. Tradition gives the book to Ezra. It is an inventory, and the writer lists the furnishings of the house one piece after another with their sizes and metals. Listen for what each item was for, since nearly everything here serves washing, light or bread. Notice the craftsman named at the centre of the work and the one line about where the bronze was cast. The list tells the hearer what full service in the house once looked like.
Context
- Who
- A congregation whose own house held one lampstand where this one held ten
- What
- An inventory of the temple's furnishings, from the bronze altar and the great basin called the Sea to the lampstands, the tables, the courts and Huram's bronze work.
- Where
- The temple courts in Jerusalem, and the clay ground of the Jordan valley between Succoth and Zeredah where the bronze was cast.
- When
- Across the seven years of building, about 966 to 959 BC.
- Why
- To record the full furnishing of the house for worship, so later generations knew what the service had been equipped with.
Historical context
The chapter belongs to Huram the craftsman and to the king who commissioned him, across the seven years the house took.
Show the rest of the historical context, 6 more paragraphs
The places are two, the temple courts where the vessels stood and the Jordan valley where the bronze was cast.
The occasion is the furnishing of a finished building, and everything in the chapter serves washing, light or bread.
A first hearer knew the working measures. The bronze altar was a platform some thirty feet square and fifteen high, so steps or a ramp were needed to serve it. The great basin called the Sea stood on twelve bronze oxen facing outward in four groups of three, held thousands of gallons, and was for the priests to wash in. Ten smaller basins on stands were for rinsing the pieces of the burnt offerings.
The Sea's figures, ten cubits across and thirty around, raise the old question about the ratio of a circle. These are working round numbers of the kind builders always use, and the rim is described separately as flared like a lily, so the two figures need not describe one circle.
Ten golden lampstands were set five on each side and ten tables likewise, along with a hundred golden bowls. The temple held ten of what the tabernacle held one of.
The casting note is one of the most practical lines in Scripture. The king cast the bronze in the plain of the Jordan, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah. Large bronze casting needs deep fine clay for the moulds and a wide flat working area, and the Jordan valley had both. The metal was cast in the valley and hauled up to the hills.
Significance
The second temple had a lampstand, a table and an altar, the same furniture in single copies. The list of tens told the hearers what full service had looked like without shaming them for the difference.
Show the rest of the significance, 1 more paragraph
The purpose of every item was the same in both houses. Get clean, keep the light burning, keep the bread set out. The scale had changed and the work had not.
This chapter in Jewish lifeWhat this chapter is in Jewish life and reading.
What is done
2 Chronicles is not read in the synagogue. Chronicles stands among the Writings in the Hebrew canon rather than among the Prophets the Haftarah is drawn from. The division into two books came in through the Greek. The book therefore carries neither a weekly Torah portion nor a Haftarah, and this site's own reading table records the same for all thirty-six chapters. The furniture of the house is met in the commentary and the midrash instead, and the rest of this card is drawn from them.
How it is read
The chapter is an inventory, and the classical reading treats it as one. It measures, it reconciles, and it explains why an object stood where it did. Rashi gives the sea as ten by ten across its middle and circular around (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:2:1, the Judaica Press Tanach with Rashi, CC-BY). Then he states the ratio the thirty cubits imply, as a rule of measurement. "Whatever has a circumference of three handbreadths has a diameter of one handbreadth" (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:2:2). The oxen beneath it were cast from the sea itself and fastened to it (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:3:1). He sets their hind parts facing inward in pairs, north against south and east against west (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:4:1). The rim he reads as thinner than the handbreadth of the walls, spread out and flattened at the mouth (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:5:1).
Two notes explain a thing by the honour owed to the house. The ten lavers were made in addition to the one Moses made rather than in place of it (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:6:1). The sea was set away from the entrance on the south, because "it is neither respectful nor fitting that they should immerse themselves opposite the entrance of the vestibule" (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:10:1). The priests' court he names in its own Hebrew term (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:9:1).
The longest note in the chapter reads the ten candelabra as a thing derived rather than chosen. Rashi asks why the text says they were made according to their regulations. The number and the fittings were deduced from the Torah, he answers, the flowers and knobs and almond cups counted to seventy, seven lamps for each of the ten. He names the man he heard it from, his mother's brother Rabbi Klonimos the son of Rabbi Judah, and he marks the reading as midrash. The seven lamps "corresponded to the seven planets: Sun, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars" (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:7:1). At the twentieth verse he points to the fuller account of the tenfold furniture, in the Baraitha of Rabbi Phinehas the son of Jair. He uses the separate mention of the lamps to show they were detachable rather than cast with the candelabrum (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:20:1). The flower at the twenty-first he reads through the rabbis, as the flower Moses added in the passage of Behaalothecha (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:21:1).
Where the counts in this book differ from the counts in Kings, Rashi reconciles rather than chooses. The four hundred pomegranates here against the hundred there he resolves by rows, a hundred to each of four rows (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:13:1). The bases he refers to the Kings account, where their work is set out (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:14:1). The repetition of the pots and shovels he explains as the writer telling us two things, that they were copper and that there were forks among them (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:16:1). The ground the vessels were cast in he takes from the Targum as clay, and gives the Old French word for it (Rashi on II Chronicles 4:17:1).
Malbim and Metzudat David comment on this chapter as well. The corpus carries their refs with the reason that Sefaria holds no English version of them, so they stand here cited and unquoted. Metzudat David on II Chronicles 4:1:1, 4:18:1 and 4:19:1, and Malbim on II Chronicles 4:1:1 and 4:15:1.
What the rabbis say
The corpus carries thirty rabbinic locators for this chapter and the text of none. Each is cited and linked here rather than quoted. The bronze altar of the first verse carries Midrash Tanchuma, Terumah 11:7 and Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 374:2.
The sea draws the tractates of the priestly service, because its water is the water the priests washed in. The second verse carries Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 3:8:5 and Menachot 98b:7. The third carries Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Melechet HaMishkan 1:53 and Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 387:1. The fourth, where the sea stands on twelve oxen, carries Yoma 58b:12 and Zevachim 62b:8. The fifth carries Bamidbar Rabbah 11:7, Eruvin 14b:8, Jerusalem Talmud Eruvin 1:5:4 and Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Melechet HaMishkan 1:52. The sixth, where the sea is set apart for the priests to wash in, carries Jerusalem Talmud Yoma 3:8:6 and Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Melechet HaMishkan 1:51.
The candelabra and the tables draw the tractate of the meal offerings. The eighth verse carries Menachot 98b:4. The nineteenth, the golden altar and the tables of the showbread, carries six. They are Ein Yaakov, Arakhin 2:3, Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 6:3:3, Menachot 99a:7 and 99a:8, Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Melechet HaMishkan 1:35, and Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Rabbi Pinchas Ben Yair 1:4. That last is the baraitha Rashi sends the reader to in his own note. The twentieth carries Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 6:3:4, Otzar Midrashim, Baraita of Melechet HaMishkan 1:42 and Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 369:5. The twenty-first, the flower and the lamps and the tongs of gold, carries Ein Yaakov (Glick Edition), Menachot 3:1, Ein Yaakov, Menakhot 3:5 and Menachot 29a:5.
The copper vessels of the sixteenth verse carry Arakhin 10b:13 and Jerusalem Talmud Sukkah 5:6:4. The casting ground of the seventeenth carries Yalkut Shimoni on Torah 964:15. What each of them teaches is a saying of the rabbis, and is reported as theirs wherever this site quotes one. The quotations wait on a fetch that carries the text.
Sources: Rashi, Rashi on II Chronicles 4:2:1 to 4:22:1, nineteen kept notes, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg, CC-BY; Rabbi Klonimos the son of Rabbi Judah, the reading of the seventy lamps reported inside Rashi on II Chronicles 4:7:1 and marked there as midrash; Metzudat David, Metzudat David on II Chronicles 4:1:1, 4:18:1 and 4:19:1, cited by ref because the corpus carries no English text; Malbim, Malbim on II Chronicles 4:1:1 and 4:15:1, cited by ref because the corpus carries no English text; The Sefaria corpus, scripts/data/sources/sefaria/2-chronicles/4.json, the 30 Talmud and Midrash locators of this chapter; This site's reading table, src/lib/hebraic/readings.ts, probed in this lane: 2-chronicles parashot total 0, haftarah uses total 0, hasSynagogueReading true for 0 of 36 chapters, festivalReadingForBook null.
The heads below are this chapter's scenes. The numbered points under each are its verses.
The brazen altar, the molten sea, and the ten lavers
He made a bronze altar twenty cubits long: Chronicles gives the altar's measure, which Kings never states: “twenty cubits long, twenty cubits wide, and ten cubits high”. That is four times the length and breadth of the altar Moses built, five cubits square by Exodus 27:1. The larger house takes a larger altar for the same office.
2 Chronicles 4:1
“The making of this was not mentioned in the Kings. On this all the sacrifices were offered, and it sanctified the gift. This altar was much larger than that which Moses made in the tabernacle; that was five cubits square, this was twenty cubits square.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2 more voices on this verseWhat preachers and commentators have said about this verse, in their own words.
2 Chronicles 4:1
“The supplementary character of Chronicles is here once more apparent. The author of Kings had omitted to record the dimensions of the brass altar. It stood in the great court 2Ch 6:12-13.”
2 Chronicles 4:1
“It measured thirty-five feet by thirty-five, and in height seventeen and a half feet. The thickness of the metal used for this altar is nowhere given; but supposing it to have been three inches, the whole weight of the metal would not be under two hundred tons [NAPIER].”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
2 Chronicles 4:2-5
He also made the Sea of cast metal: The molten sea repeats 1 Kings 7 with two small differences the commentators note rather than resolve. Its capacity is given as three thousand baths against Kings' two thousand. The oxen stand where Kings reads knops, likely gourds, a reading Barnes traces to an early copyist expecting oxen.
figures of oxen encircled it: The parallel at 1 Kings 7:24 names gourds, where Chronicles has figures of oxen. Barnes holds that an early copyist, unfamiliar with the rare Hebrew word for gourd and expecting oxen beside the Sea, changed the reading. The twelve oxen of verse 4 bore the Sea from below.
2 Chronicles 4:3
“For “oxen” we find in 1Ki 7:24, “knops” or “gourds.” An early copyist, not comprehending the comparatively rare word here used for “gourd,” and expecting to hear of oxen, as soon as the molten sea was mentioned, changed the reading.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Chronicles 4:3
“There is a difference in the accounts given of the capacity of this basin, for while in 1Ki 7:26 it is said that two thousand baths of water could be contained in it, in this passage no less than three thousand are stated.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown · Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
stood on twelve oxen: The twelve oxen faced outward in four groups of three, one group toward each point of the compass. Barnes treats oxen as the feature a reader linked at once with the Sea, the reason he gives for the copyist's change in verse 3. Their backs bore the whole basin.
three thousand baths: The Sea, with a rim like a lily blossom, could hold three thousand baths. The figure at 1 Kings 7:26 is two thousand. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown record the difference, Barnes allows copying may have corrupted one text, Clarke holds the Chronicler counted in a smaller Babylonian bath.
2 Chronicles 4:5
“Three thousand baths - See 1Ki 7:23 note. It is quite possible that either here or in Kings the text may have been accidentally corrupted.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Chronicles 4:5
“The Holy Ghost by this signified, (1.) Our great gospel privilege, that the blood of Christ cleanseth from all sin, 1 John i. To us there is a fountain opened for all believers (who are spiritual priests, Rev. i. 5, 6 ), nay, for all the inhabitants of Jerusalem to wash in, from sin, which is uncleanness.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
2 Chronicles 4:6-9
He also made ten basins for washing: Where the tabernacle held one lampstand and one table, the temple holds ten of each, and ten basins beside the one Sea. Verse 6 divides the work exactly: “The parts of the burnt offering were rinsed in them, but the priests used the Sea for washing”.
2 Chronicles 4:6
“He made also ten lavers - The lavers served to wash the different parts of the victims in; and the molten sea was for the use of the priests. In this they bathed, or drew water from it for their personal purification.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Chronicles 4:6
“As the priests must be washed, so must the sacrifices. We must not only purify ourselves in preparation for our religious performances, but carefully put away all those vain thoughts and corrupt aims which cleave to our performances themselves and pollute them.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
according to their specifications: Barnes renders the phrase as after their manner, the prescribed order for the lampstands, and compares verse 20, where the lamps burn as prescribed. He holds that each was made on the pattern of the one lampstand of Moses. Solomon multiplied that single lamp by ten.
2 Chronicles 4:7
“According to their form - Rather, “after their manner” (compare 2Ch 4:20). There is no allusion to the shape of the candlesticks, which were made, no doubt, after the pattern of the original candlestick of Moses.”
1 more voice on this verse
2 Chronicles 4:7
“The candlesticks are the churches, Rev. i. Moses set up but one, the church of the Jews; but, in the gospel temple, not only believers, but churches, are multiplied.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
a hundred gold bowls: Clarke identifies the hundred gold bowls as paterae, sacrificial spoons used for libations. Barnes notes that the number of tables and bowls is added to what Kings records. The tables stand five to a side, like the lampstands.
2 Chronicles 4:8
“A hundred basons of gold - These were doubtless a sort of paterae or sacrificial spoons, with which they made libations.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
the courtyard of the priests: Clarke identifies the courtyard of the priests as the inner court. The large court was the outer court, where the people assembled. Bronze covered these outer doors, while gold covered the doors of the house itself in verse 22.
2 Chronicles 4:9
“He made the court of the priests - This was the inner court. And the great court - This was the outer court, or place for the assembling of the people.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
2 Chronicles 4:10-18
He put the Sea on the south side: Huram finishes the whole of Solomon's bronze work: the Sea, the basins, and the pillars with their pomegranates named in chapter 3. All were cast “in clay molds in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zeredah”. The inventory closes with bronze whose weight “could not be determined”.
Huram finishes the bronze; gold fills the house within
Huram finished the work: here, and the list that follows sums up his bronze work through verse 16. Matthew Henry credits the craftsman with both ingenuity and industry. The pots, shovels and sprinkling bowls belong to the same work.
the two pillars: The inventory opens with the two pillars first described at 3:15-17, Jachin and Boaz. Each carried a capital shaped like a bowl, with a bronze network over it. Barnes calls Huram the master workman behind them.
the four hundred pomegranates: Four hundred pomegranates means two hundred for each pillar, set in two rows of a hundred. A single row matches the hundred of 3:16. Matthew Henry calls Huram the father of the workers in brass and iron.
the basins on the stands: The stands carried the ten basins of verse 6. In those basins the priests rinsed the parts of the burnt offering, and they washed themselves at the Sea. Henry reads the washing at the Sea as a picture of the blood of Christ, which cleanses from all sin.
the twelve oxen underneath: The Sea and its twelve oxen of verses 2 to 4 appear again as the casting of Huram. Barnes notes that Kings has gourds under the rim where Chronicles has the figures of oxen. The Sea rested on the twelve.
Huram-abi made for King Solomon: Huram-abi joins the name Huram to the Hebrew ab, father. Clarke explains that ab often means a master workman, and the Chaldee reads Huram his master. Henry takes it as a familiar title, Father Huram, for the chief worker in bronze, who made all these articles for King Solomon.
2 Chronicles 4:16
“Huram his father - אב ab, father, is often used in Hebrew to signify a master, inventor, chief operator, and is very probably used here in the former sense by the Chaldee: All these Chiram his master made for King Solomon; or Chiram Abi, or rather Hiram, made for the king.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
1 more voice on this verse
2 Chronicles 4:16
“Probably it was a sort of nickname by which he was commonly known, Father Huram; for the king of Tyre called him Huram Abi, my father, in compliance with whom Solomon called him his, he being a great artist and father of the artificers in brass and iron. He acquitted himself well both for ingenuity and industry. Solomon was very generous.”
Matthew Henry · Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
between Succoth and Zeredah: Barnes links Zeredah with Zarthan, the name given in the parallel account. He holds that the Chronicler probably used the name the town bore in his own day. The casting took place down in the Jordan valley.
2 Chronicles 4:17
“Zeredathah - Or, Zarthan (marginal reference). The writer of Chronicles probably uses the name which the place bore in his own day.”
the weight of the bronze: Verse 18 closes the bronze inventory begun at verse 11. The quantity was so great that no one could reckon its weight. Matthew Henry calls Solomon very generous in this work, and he credits Huram with skill and industry in carrying it out.
2 Chronicles 4:19-22
Solomon also made all the furnishings for the house of God: The record narrows from bronze to gold for the house itself: the golden altar, the tables for the Bread of the Presence, the lampstands. Barnes notes that 1 Kings 7:48 names a single table where the plural here matches the ten tables of verse 8.
2 Chronicles 4:19
“The tables - A single table only is mentioned in 1Ki 7:48; 2Ch 29:18. It is supposed that Solomon made ten similar tables, any one of which might be used for the showbread; but that the bread was never placed on more than one table at a time.”
in front of the inner sanctuary: The lamps burned in the Holy Place, facing the entrance to the Most Holy Place. Barnes reads as prescribed together with the manner of the lampstands in verse 7, the order set in the law of Moses. Their pure gold marked them as furniture of the house itself.
the flowers, lamps, and tongs: Clarke pictures each branch as a plant in flower. The opening of each blossom either formed the lamp or held it up. So blossom and lamp stand side by side in this list of gold pieces.
2 Chronicles 4:21
“And the flowers, and the lamps - Probably each branch of the chandelier was made like a plant in flower, and the opening of the flower was either the lamp, or served to support it.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
the gold doors of the temple: Clarke reads the gold doors as doors overlaid with golden plates. The thickness of the plates is unknown. He grants that each part of the temple pictured some excellence of the gospel, without following every detail in the book Solomon's Temple Spiritualized.
2 Chronicles 4:22
“The doors - were of gold - That is, were overlaid with golden plates, the thickness of which we do not know. That every thing in the tabernacle and temple was typical or representative of some excellence of the Gospel dispensation may be readily credited, without going into all the detail produced by the pious author of Solomon’s Temple Spiritualized.”
Adam Clarke · Commentary on the Bible (1810-1826)evangelical
How this psalm is built
The form: An inventory of the furniture, the court's bronze first and then the house's gold, as Barnes classes it.
The patterns in this chapter
| Device | What it does | Where to see it |
|---|---|---|
| Five on the south side and five on the north | The same placing is given three times, at verses 6, 7 and 8, counted in the Berean text in the store. Ten basins, ten lampstands and ten tables are each divided five and five across the house. Matthew Henry reads the multiplication against the tabernacle's single lampstand and single table, and reads the division of labour as exact, the Sea for the priests and the ten basins for what was offered.Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1710, on 2 Chronicles 4:6. | 2 Chronicles 4:6, 2 Chronicles 4:7, 2 Chronicles 4:8 |
| Huram's finished work, listed piece by piece | Verses 11 to 16 close the bronze work as a list. It runs from the pots, shovels and sprinkling bowls to the two pillars with their capitals and network, the four hundred pomegranates, the stands, the basins, the Sea and the twelve oxen under it. Adam Clarke reads the list as the whole of Huram's commission discharged, cast in clay moulds in the plain of the Jordan between Succoth and Zeredah. Verse 18 closes it with bronze beyond weighing.Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, 1832, on 2 Chronicles 4:17. | 2 Chronicles 4:11, 2 Chronicles 4:12, 2 Chronicles 4:13, 2 Chronicles 4:16, 2 Chronicles 4:17, 2 Chronicles 4:18 |
| From the bronze of the court to the gold of the house | The chapter is built in two halves that answer each other. Verses 1 to 18 are bronze, the altar, the Sea, the basins and the pillars, all of it standing outside the house. Verses 19 to 22 are gold, the altar of incense, the tables of the Bread of the Presence, the lampstands, the tongs and the doors. Albert Barnes notes that the parallel account names one table where this book's plural implies as many as ten.Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament, 1832 to 1869, on 2 Chronicles 4:19. | 2 Chronicles 4:1, 2 Chronicles 4:18, 2 Chronicles 4:19, 2 Chronicles 4:22 |
Where the chapter stands in the book
9 more paragraphs on the patterns
The house rises from 2:1 to 5:1 inside the wide Solomon panel of 1:1 to 9:31, and this chapter is its fittings. In the proposed ring the dossier carries for the panel, the house built and finished at 3:1 to 5:1 is one limb, answered by the night appearance of 7:11 to 22. The ring is Raymond B. Dillard's and its status stays proposed. It is drawn in full on the study page for chapter 7.
The historical value
The casting ground is named. Verse 17 puts the moulds in the clay of the Jordan plain between Succoth and Zeredah, away from the building site, which is where the water and the clay for large bronze casting were. Verse 18 records bronze in a quantity that was left unweighed.
The dossier sets chapters 2 through 7 beside the Mesopotamian temple-building inscriptions, where the fixed sequence runs from divine authorization through the gathering of materials and craftsmen to construction and a dedication festival. Victor Hurowitz set the sequence out in I Have Built You an Exalted House, 1992. This chapter is the fittings stage of it, and the dossier's verdict is that no image is installed in the shrine at any point in the account.
The debated concept
Three figures in this chapter stand against the parallel account, and the commentators handle them as questions about the text rather than about the furniture. The Sea holds three thousand baths at verse 5 and two thousand at 1 Kings 7:26. The figures encircling it under the rim are oxen here and are read as gourds in Kings. Albert Barnes traces the difference to an early copyist who expected oxen once the Sea had been named. The tables of verse 8 stand in the plural where the parallel names one.
The site's exposition note records that the commentators note these differences rather than resolving them, and that the two accounts are one account of one house.
The New Testament and the later record
Matthew Henry sets the ten lampstands of verse 7 against the seven lampstands of Revelation 1:20, the one lampstand of Moses becoming the churches. The site's exposition note states that this is a use Henry draws rather than a claim the verse makes. The altar of verse 1 is where he begins the same reading, the sacrifice crossing bronze before anything reaches gold.
Keep studying
Sources for this chapter
The summary
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory; John Wesley, Notes on the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Complete Commentary.
The form and classifications
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible, 1832, on 2 Chronicles 4:17; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Old Testament, 1832 to 1869, on 2 Chronicles 4:1; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, 1871, on 2 Chronicles 4:1 and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1710, on 2 Chronicles 4:1.
The exposition
Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes; Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible.