1 Corinthians 14 · Featured Study
Order in Worship
The Corinthian assemblies were full of the Spirit’s gifts and full of noise, and Paul writes forty verses to order them. He regulates the gifts and keeps them: the same chapter that says “let him keep silence” also says “forbid not to speak with tongues.” This page walks the chapter in order: prophecy preferred because it edifies the church, the interpreter rule, the unbeliever falling on his face, the two-or-three and one-by-one rules, the spirits of the prophets subject to the prophets, and the closing word, decently and in order.
Summary
In 1 Corinthians 14 Paul orders the exercise of tongues and prophecy in the gathered church by one measure, edification, and closes by commanding both order and liberty: desire earnestly to prophesy, and forbid not to speak with tongues. The chapter regulates the gifts as living practice; it retires none of them.
- Prophecy is preferred over uninterpreted tongues because it edifies the church, and interpreted tongues stand on the same footing (14:5)
- The measure of everything in the assembly is stated twice: "Let all things be done unto edifying" (14:26) and "decently and in order" (14:40)
- The rules are concrete: tongues by two or at the most three with one interpreting, prophets by two or three with the others discerning, and all one by one
- The spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets, for God is not a God of confusion but of peace (14:32-33)
- On the silence verses (14:34-35) the main readings are given with their holders; the chapter assumes women praying and prophesying at 11:5, and this page stamps no verdict
Follow After Love
14:1-5: desire the gifts, and prefer what edifies the church
“Follow after love; yet desire earnestly spiritual gifts, but rather that ye may prophesy.” 1 Corinthians 14:1
The chapter opens on the far side of the love chapter, and its first command holds both together: follow after love, and desire the gifts earnestly. Love is the way the gifts walk in, and the desire for the gifts is commanded, in the present tense, to a whole congregation. Paul then ranks two gifts by one measure, who is built up.
“He that speaketh in a tongue edifieth himself; but he that prophesieth edifieth the church.” 1 Corinthians 14:4
“Now I would have you all speak with tongues, but rather that ye should prophesy: and greater is he that prophesieth than he that speaketh with tongues, except he interpret, that the church may receive edifying.” 1 Corinthians 14:5
Both halves of verse 5 carry weight. Paul wishes tongues on the whole church, and he prefers prophecy in the assembly because the church hears and is built. The exception inside the verse is the hinge of the whole chapter: interpreted tongues edify the church too, and stand beside prophecy.
Now he assigns the first place to prophecy. Covet, therefore, spiritual gifts -- that is, "Neglect no gift, for I exhort you to seek after them all, provided only prophecy holds the first place."
John Calvin· Commentaries, 1554Reformed
1 Cor 14:1
He may understand and be affected with what he speaks; and so every minister should; and he that is most edified himself is in the disposition and fitness to do good to others by what he speaks; but he that speaks with tongues, or language unknown, can only edify himself; others can reap no benefit from his speech.
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1710Nonconformist
1 Cor 14:4
Speech Easy to Be Understood
14:6-19: the pipe, the harp, the trumpet, and five words
“For if the trumpet give an uncertain voice, who shall prepare himself for war? So also ye, unless ye utter by the tongue speech easy to be understood, how shall it be known what is spoken? for ye will be speaking into the air.” 1 Corinthians 14:8-9
Paul argues from instruments: a pipe or harp with no distinction in its notes plays no tune, and a trumpet with an uncertain voice musters no army. Speech in the assembly is under the same law. The argument lands on the speaker himself in verse 13: let him that speaketh in a tongue pray that he may interpret.
“What is it then? I will pray with the spirit, and I will pray with the understanding also: I will sing with the spirit, and I will sing with the understanding also.” 1 Corinthians 14:15
Verse 15 is a both-and, in the first person and the future tense. Paul keeps praying and singing with the spirit, and he adds praying and singing with the understanding. Neither replaces the other.
“I thank God, I speak with tongues more than you all: howbeit in the church I had rather speak five words with my understanding, that I might instruct others also, than ten thousand words in a tongue.” 1 Corinthians 14:18-19
The chapter’s regulator is also its most practiced tongues-speaker, and he says so with thanksgiving. The contrast in verse 19 is located precisely: “in the church,” where instruction is the aim. His private practice, by his own testimony, exceeded them all.
If the trumpet give an uncertain sound - If, when the soldier should prepare himself for the battle, the trumpet should give a different sound to that which is ordinarily used on such occasions, the soldier is not informed of what he should do, and therefore does not arm himself; consequently, that vague, unintelligible sound of the trumpet, is of no use.
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible, 1832Methodist
1 Cor 14:8
I will sing with the spirit, &c. He does not forbid their praying or singing under a divine afflatus, or when they were inspired for this purpose, or had such a spiritual gift communicated to them; but he would have them perform both so as to be understood by others, that others might join with them. Note, Public worship should be performed so as to be understood.
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1710Nonconformist
1 Cor 14:15
When we combine this testimony of Paul's with the other examples given in the book of Acts, it is reasonable to conclude that Paul first began to speak with tongues when Ananias laid his hands upon him for the infilling of the Spirit.
Derek Prince· I Thank My God I Speak with Tongues More than You All (devotional), 2003Pentecostal
1 Cor 14:18
I had rather--The Greek verb more literally expresses this meaning, "I WISH to speak five words with my understanding (rather) than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue"; even the two thousandth part of ten thousand. The Greek for "I would rather," would be a different verb.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, 1871Reformed
1 Cor 14:19
God Is Among You Indeed
14:20-25: the sign, and the secrets of the heart
Paul quotes Isaiah 28:11 (14:21) and draws a distinction: tongues serve as a sign to the unbelieving, prophecy serves them that believe (14:22). Then he sets two scenes in the same room. A whole church speaking in tongues at once leaves the visitor concluding madness (14:23). A church prophesying reaches the same visitor another way.
“But if all prophesy, and there come in one unbelieving or unlearned, he is reproved by all, he is judged by all; the secrets of his heart are made manifest; and so he will fall down on his face and worship God, declaring that God is among you indeed.” 1 Corinthians 14:24-25
This is the chapter’s picture of what a rightly ordered assembly does to the person who walks in unconvinced: the secrets of his heart are laid open, and he falls on his face and worships. Order in this chapter serves power; it does not replace it.
Do you see how prophecy is more useful, how, by revealing the secrets of the heart, it compels the unbeliever to acknowledge God, to fall down and worship, and to confess: "Truly God is among you"?
Theophylact of Ohrid· Commentary on 1 Corinthians, 1107Eastern Orthodox
1 Cor 14:24
The secrets of his heart are made manifest - Laid open, clearly described; in a manner which to him is most astonishing and utterly unaccountable. How many instances of it are seen at this day!
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, 1755Wesleyan
1 Cor 14:25
Wesley’s last sentence is his own testimony from the eighteenth century: he had watched this verse happen. The page’s door to Prophecy as a Gift Today carries that thread into the present.
Let All Things Be Done unto Edifying
14:26-33: the concrete rules of an ordered assembly
“What is it then, brethren? When ye come together, each one hath a psalm, hath a teaching, hath a revelation, hath a tongue, hath an interpretation. Let all things be done unto edifying.” 1 Corinthians 14:26
Verse 26 describes a participatory assembly, each one arriving with something to give, and then hands it one governing measure. The rules that follow are concrete enough to run a meeting by.
“If any man speaketh in a tongue, let it be by two, or at the most three, and that in turn; and let one interpret: but if there be no interpreter, let him keep silence in the church; and let him speak to himself, and to God.” 1 Corinthians 14:27-28
“And let the prophets speak by two or three, and let the others discern. But if a revelation be made to another sitting by, let the first keep silence. For ye all can prophesy one by one, that all may learn, and all may be exhorted;” 1 Corinthians 14:29-31
Tongues: two or at the most three, in turn, with one interpreting, and silence in the church when no interpreter is present, with the practice itself sent home rather than stopped: “let him speak to himself, and to God.” Prophecy: two or three, with the others discerning, and the floor yielded when revelation comes to another. Everything one by one, so that all may learn.
“and the spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets; for God is not a God of confusion, but of peace.” 1 Corinthians 14:32-33
Verse 32 is the theology under every rule in the chapter. The Spirit’s moving does not override the prophet; a word can wait its turn, and the waiting dishonors nothing. The God who gives the gifts is a God of peace, and His assemblies can be both fully supernatural and fully ordered.
Let it be by two, or at the most by three - That is, two, or at most three in one day, or in one meeting. So Grotius, Rosenmuller, Doddridge, Bloomfield, and Locke, understand it. It is probable that many were endowed with the gift of tongues; and it is certain that they were disposed to exercise the gift even when it could be of no real advantage, and when it was done only for ostentation.
Albert Barnes· Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments, 1832-1869Presbyterian
1 Cor 14:27
And the spirits of the prophets, etc. - Let no one interrupt another; and let all be ready to prefer others before themselves; and let each feel a spirit of subjection to his brethren. God grants no ungovernable gifts.
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible, 1832Methodist
1 Cor 14:32
Evil spirits threw their prophets into such ungovernable ecstasies, as forced them to speak and act like madmen. But the Spirit of God left his prophets the clear use of their judgment, when, and how long, it was fit for them to speak, and never hurried them into any improprieties either as to the matter, manner, or time of their speaking.
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, 1755Wesleyan
1 Cor 14:32
God is not the author of confusion - Margin, “Tumult,” or “unquietness.” His religion cannot tend to produce disorder. He is the God of peace; and his religion will tend to promote order. It is calm, peaceful, thoughtful. It is not boisterous and disorderly. As in all churches of the saints - As was everywhere apparent in the churches. Paul here appeals to them, and says that this was the fact wherever the true religion was spread, that it tended to produce peace and order. This is as true now as it was then.
Albert Barnes· Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments, 1832-1869Presbyterian
1 Cor 14:33
The Silence Verses
14:34-35: the passage held honestly, with the readings and their holders
“let the women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but let them be in subjection, as also saith the law. And if they would learn anything, let them ask their own husbands at home: for it is shameful for a woman to speak in the church.” 1 Corinthians 14:34-35
Two facts of the text frame every reading of these verses. First, this is the chapter’s third “keep silence”: the tongues-speaker with no interpreter is silenced at 14:28, the prophet is silenced when revelation comes to another at 14:30, and the women are addressed at 14:34, each command answering a specific disorder in the same noisy assembly. Second, the verses sit inside a letter that assumes women praying and prophesying in the assembly three chapters earlier (11:5), and regulates the manner of it there. The readings below all work within those two facts, and this page stamps no verdict among them.
Silence qualified by the Spirit's impulseWesley, 1755
Wesley harmonizes 14:34 with 11:5 directly: the silence governs ordinary speaking and teaching, and the Spirit’s own moving is the stated exception.
Let your women be silent in the churches - Unless they are under an extraordinary impulse of the Spirit. For, in other cases, it is not permitted them to speak - By way of teaching in public assemblies. But to be in subjection - To the man whose proper office it is to lead and to instruct the congregation.
John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, 1755
1 Cor 14:34
A stop on disruptive question-askingJamieson, Fausset & Brown, 1871
A second line reads the “speaking” of these verses through verse 35’s own subject, learning by asking: the disorder addressed is questions called out across the assembly, and the remedy Paul gives is to ask at home.
Anticipation of an objection. Women may say, "But if we do not understand something, may we not 'ask' a question publicly so as to 'learn'? Nay, replies Paul, if you want information, 'ask' not in public, but 'at home'; ask not other men, but 'your own particular (so the Greek) husbands.'"
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, 1871
1 Cor 14:35
Addressed to that congregation's disorderthe chapter's three silences, read together
A third reading takes the verses the way it takes the chapter’s other two silence commands: as Paul’s answer to a specific Corinthian disruption, binding on the disorder it names. On this reading the verses no more retire women’s praying and prophesying, which 11:5 assumes, than 14:28 retires tongues or 14:30 retires prophecy. Its holders point to the letter’s own evidence; those who read the silence more broadly point to “as also saith the law” and to 1 Timothy 2. Both sets of readers are honored here, and neither is framed as standing against the other.
A punctuation note the manuscripts leave openwhere verse 33's last clause attaches
The oldest manuscripts carry no punctuation, so editors must decide whether “As in all the churches of the saints” closes verse 33 or opens verse 34. The commentators record both placements.
In all the churches of the saints God is a God of peace; let Him not among you be supposed to be a God of confusion [ALFORD]. Compare the same argument in 1Co 11:16. LACHMANN and others put a full stop at "peace," and connect the following words thus: "As in all churches of the saints, let your women keep silence in your churches."
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, 1871
1 Cor 14:33
Where the founder lands on these verses is his own slot to fill, below. The readings above are presented with their holders, and no teacher named on this page is described as opposing women.
Forbid Not
14:36-40: the commandment of the Lord, and the closing rule
“If any man thinketh himself to be a prophet, or spiritual, let him take knowledge of the things which I write unto you, that they are the commandment of the Lord.” 1 Corinthians 14:37
Paul closes by naming the authority behind the whole chapter: these regulations are the Lord’s own commandment, and a genuinely spiritual person will recognize them as such. Then the final rule states the chapter’s two commands in one sentence, a desire to be kept burning and a prohibition forbidden.
1 Corinthians 14:39-40 (ASV)
“Wherefore, my brethren, desire earnestly to prophesy, and forbid not to speak with tongues. But let all things be done decently and in order.” 1 Corinthians 14:39-40
The chapter that regulates the gifts most closely is the chapter that commands the church to keep them. Prophecy is to be desired earnestly; tongues are protected by an apostolic “forbid not”; and everything runs decently and in order. This site teaches the gifts of this chapter as present-tense and active, and the doors below lead to the pages that walk each gift in full.
things that I write . . . commandments of the Lord--a direct assertion of inspiration. Paul's words as an apostle are Christ's words.
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, 1871Reformed
1 Cor 14:37
he admonishes them to desire all the gifts, saying: therefore, to speak in tongues is good. But earnestly desire to prophesy.
Thomas Aquinas· Commentary on 1 Corinthians, 1273Scholastic
1 Cor 14:39
Let all things be done decently - Ευσχημονως· In their proper forms; with becoming reverence; according to their dignity and importance, Every thing in the Church of God should be conducted with gravity and composure, suitable to the importance of the things, the infinite dignity of the object of worship, and the necessity of the souls in behalf of which those religious ordinances are instituted. And in order - Κατα ταξιν· Every thing in its place, every thing in its time, and every thing suitably.
Adam Clarke· Commentary on the Bible, 1832Methodist
1 Cor 14:40
Paul is referring to the decent and well-ordered way of life in the society of the faithful, where the relationship which obtains among the members of the body is maintained.
Basil of Caesarea· The Long Rules, Question 24, 358Cappadocian, fourth century
1 Cor 14:40
The Words Underneath
the Greek the chapter turns on
Three words run through all forty verses, and the chapter’s one measure, edification, is a builder’s word.
The words underneath
glossa: tongue
Greek · G1100Strong's entry: the tongue; by implication, a language (specially, one naturally unacquired)
The chapter's most frequent noun: glossa, tongue, the word for both the physical tongue and the Spirit-given speech of 14:2.
49 times in the New Testament · glossa, in full →
propheteuo: to prophesy
Greek · G4395Strong's entry: to foretell events, divine, speak under inspiration, exercise the prophetic office
The gift Paul prefers in the assembly: propheteuo, to prophesy, speaking unto men "edification, and exhortation, and consolation" (14:3).
28 times in the New Testament · propheteuo, in full →
oikodomeo: to build
Greek · G3618Strong's entry: to be a house-builder, i.e. construct or (figuratively) confirm
The chapter's measure: oikodomeo, to build a house. Every rule in the chapter serves the building up of the church (14:4, 14:26).
40 times in the New Testament · oikodomeo, in full →
The Voices
with the work named
Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (1755) · public domain
Reads the chapter's gifts as living realities, and on 14:25 adds his own eyewitness word: "How many instances of it are seen at this day!"
Commentary on the Bible (1832) · public domain
On 14:32 compresses the chapter's whole doctrine of order into four words: God grants no ungovernable gifts.
Commentaries (1554) · public domain
On 14:1 reads Paul exhorting the church to seek after all the gifts, with prophecy holding the first place.
Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710) · public domain
Carries the intelligibility argument plainly: public worship should be performed so as to be understood.
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869) · public domain
Walks the two-or-three rule of 14:27 and the peace of 14:33 in their plain sense.
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) · public domain
On 14:19 weighs five words against ten thousand in the Greek; on 14:37 marks Paul's direct claim of the Lord's own commandment.
his devotional teaching on 1 Corinthians 14:18 (2003) · cite-only, under 50 words
Reads Paul's own tongues back to Ananias's hands laid on him in Acts 9, a modern Pentecostal teacher on the apostle's practice.
Commentary on 1 Corinthians (1107) · cite-only, modern English translation
On 14:24 sees prophecy driving the unbeliever to confess that God is truly present.
Commentary on 1 Corinthians (c. 1273) · cite-only, modern English translation
On 14:39 holds both halves of Paul's closing rule together: tongues good, prophecy to be desired earnestly.
The Long Rules, Question 24 (c. 358) · cite-only, modern English translation
Reads "decently and in order" as the well-ordered common life of the faithful, the body's members keeping their relation.
Marcus Brown's own commentary leads above all; within a tier, all voices are equal. Modern and modern-translation voices are quoted at under fifty words with the specific work named; the public-domain voices carry the length.
Word studies
The Hebrew and Greek under this study, each word in its own room.
Where it leads
Featured studies10
- Spiritual Gifts: chapter 12, the gifts this chapter orders
- The Love Chapter: chapter 13, the way this chapter follows after
- Speaking in Tongues: the gift, across the whole New Testament
- Prophecy as a Gift Today: the gift Paul prefers here
- Head Coverings: 11:2-16, where the same assembly prays and prophesies
- Discipline and Lawsuits, MannaFest
- Women in Ministry, MannaFest
- Worship
- The Church
- The Lord's Supper
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