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Song of Solomon 5:10

in Song of Solomon 5

My beloved is dazzling and ruddy, outstanding among ten thousand.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

My beloved is white and ruddy, The chiefest among ten thousand.

KJV

My beloved is white and ruddy, the chiefest among ten thousand.

This verse in Song of Solomon 5

Commentary

18 notes on this verse

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

Concerning Virginity 1.9.46 · Written before 397.

"My beloved is white and ruddy." It is fitting, O virgin, that you should fully know him whom you love, and should recognize in him all the mystery of his divine nature and the body which he has assumed. He is white fittingly, for he is the brightness of the Father; and ruddy, for he was born of a Virgin. The color of each nature shines and glows in him.

This site's exposition

My beloved is dazzling and ruddy

on Song of Solomon 5:10-12

"My beloved is dazzling and ruddy, outstanding among ten thousand" opens the one place where the bride praises the bridegroom in the form of 4:1-7. "His eyes are like doves" returns the dove image he gave her at 1:15 and 4:1.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers5 voices

A commentator

Theodoret of Cyrus

COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 5 · Written before 458.

proposed

The bride instructs the young women who had enquired as to the features of the bridegroom, saying, "My nephew is white and ruddy," mentioning "white" first and "ruddy" second. He was always God, but he became man as well, not by abandoning what he was …

A commentator

Jerome

Against Jovinianus 1.31 · Written before 420.

proposed

"My beloved is white and ruddy": white in virginity, ruddy in martyrdom. And because he is white and ruddy, therefore it is immediately added, "His mouth is most sweet, yea, he is altogether lovely."

A commentator

Gregory of Nyssa

HOMILIES ON THE SONG OF SONGS 13 · Written before 395.

proposed

All these elements constituting the bridegroom's beauty are made known for our benefit but do not show his invisible, incomprehensible beauty.…Therefore, whoever looks at the visible world and understands the wisdom that has been made manifest by the beauty of creatures can make an analogy from the visible to invisible beauty, the fountain of beauty whose emanation established all living beings in existence. Similarly, whoever views the world of this new creation in the church sees in it him who is all in all. This person is then led by faith through what is finite and comprehensible to knowledge of the infinite.

A commentator

Gregory of Nyssa

HOMILIES ON THE SONG OF SONGS 13 · Written before 395.

proposed

All flesh implies birth, with marriage as the means for bringing it about. The person, however, who is not subject to a birth of flesh with respect to the mystery of religion does not submit to the actions effected by human nature or to the passions arising from the mind. He understands that the generation of the flesh belongs to all humankind. The bride says that he who partakes of flesh and blood is "white and ruddy." However, by indicating the body's nature by these two colors, she does not say that Christ partakes of that birth common to humankind. Rather, God assumed our human nature from the multitude of people he had begotten. From the passage of succeeding generations, Christ alone entered this life by a new form of birth. Nature did not cooperate in this birth but served it. Therefore, the bride says that her spouse is "white and ruddy." That is, he dwells in this present life through flesh and blood while having been begotten from virginal purity. His conception is virginal. His birth is undefiled and without pangs. His bridal chamber is the power of the Most High overshadowing the virgin like a cloud. He is a nuptial torch of the Holy Spirit's splendor. His bed is free from passion, and his marriage is incorruptibility.The bridegroom born under such circumstances as these is rightly called "chosen from myriads." He was free from birth resulting from marriage, for his existence does not come from marriage. No terminology pertaining to human birth can rightly pertain to Christ's incorruptible, painless birth because virginity and childbirth cannot apply to the bridegroom at the same time. As the Son is given to us without a father, the child is thus begotten without birth.

A commentator

Aponius

EXPOSITION OF SONG OF SONGS 8:34 · Written before 500.

proposed

He is white because he is the light of the world, the Sun of righteousness "who enlightens everyone entering the world," according to John the Evangelist and the preaching of the prophets. He is red because he would walk on earth in the fleshly clothing …
11 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church3 voices

A commentator

Robert of Tombelaine

Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 5 · Written in the 11th century.

proposed

Christ is declared to be white and ruddy; because, committing no sin whatsoever, He held the beauty of justice in its entirety, and yet, as though He were a sinner, He approached the passion of death. To whom it is said through the prophet: "Why …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

My beloved is white and ruddy, etc. White, because appearing in the flesh, he committed no sin, nor was deceit found in his mouth (1 Peter II); ruddy, because he washed us from our sins in his blood (Revelation I). And white well first, then …

A commentator

Bernard of Clairvaux

Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 28 · Written before 1153.

proposed

But is he still black? Far from it! Your beloved is radiant and ruddy. Beautiful indeed is he whom the flowers of roses and the lilies of the valleys surround; that is, the choirs of martyrs and of virgins: and I who sit in the …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

My beloved is white and ruddy,.... This, and the following verses, contain the church's answer to the question of the daughters; she first gives a general description of her beloved, and then descends to particulars: the description of him in general is, that he is "white and ruddy"; having the whiteness of the lily, and the redness of the rose, Son 2:1; which make a perfect beauty.

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

25 ), their defence, their treasure; much more was he so to Christ, in whom dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily, Col. ii. Christ's head bespeaks his sovereign dominion over all and his vital influence upon his church and all its members. This is as gold, gold; the former word in the original signifies shining gold, the latter strong solid gold;

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A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

These words are Christ's answer to the church's prayer in the close of the foregoing chapter, Let my beloved come into his garden; here he has come, and lets her know it. See how ready God is to hear prayer, how ready Christ is to accept the invitations that his people give him, though we are backward to hear his calls and accept his invitations.

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

My beloved is white and ruddy - Red and white, properly mixed, are essential to a fine complexion; and this is what is intimated: he has the finest complexion among ten thousand persons; not one in that number is equal to him. Literally, “He bears the standard among ten thousand men;” or “He is one before whom a standard is borne,” i.e., he is captain or chief of the whole.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

proposed

"The Lamb" is at once His nuptial and sacrificial name (1Pe 1:19; Re 19:7), characterized by white and red; white, His spotless manhood (Re 1:14). The Hebrew for white is properly "illuminated by the sun," white as the light" (compare Mt 17:2); red, in His blood-dyed garment as slain (Isa 63:1-3;

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THE spouse in this verse styles her Lord, "my Beloved," from which it is easy for us to gather that it is of the utmost importance that our heart's affection should be really and truly set upon Christ Jesus, our Lord. We must trust Him and we must love Him. Christ on the Cross saves us when He becomes to us Christ in the heart. It is of small service for us to know of Christ if we do not really trust and love Him. It will be of little use for us to talk of Him unless our heart is really welded and knit to Him. Let us, therefore, dear Friends, commence this evening's meditation with a solemn enquiry made by each one for himself or herself, "Can I call the Lord Jesus Christ, who was crucified on Calvary, but who now reigns at the right hand of the Father—can I truly call Him, 'my Beloved'?" There may be a question raised in your soul by a natural anxiety lest you should presume, but be not content until you have solemnly and seriously searched your hearts, to know whether in very deed and truth an ardent affection burns within your spirit towards the Lord Jesus. It were better for you that you had never been born than that you should live and die without love to Christ.
THE spouse in this verse styles her Lord, "my Beloved," from which it is easy for us to gather that it is of the utmost importance that our heart's affection should be really and truly set upon Christ Jesus, our Lord. We must trust Him and we must love Him. Christ on the Cross saves us when He becomes to us Christ in the heart. It is of small service for us to know of Christ if we do not really trust and love Him.
My beloved is white and ruddy - Compare 1Sa 16:12; Dan 7:9. The complexion most admired in youth. Jewish interpreters remark that he who is elsewhere called “the Ancient of Days” is here described as the Ever-Young. “White in His virgin-purity,” says Jerome, “and ruddy in His Passion.” The chiefest among ten thousand - literally, “a bannered one among a myriad;” hence one signalized, a leader of ten thousand warriors.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

My beloved is pure white. White, as in, “they were whiter צַחוּ than milk.” 37 Eichah:1.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Song of Songs 5:10:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 4 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

5 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • דּוֹדִ֥יlover my

    dodiH1730 →61 times

  • צַח֙[is] dazzling

    tzachH6703 →

  • וְאָד֔וֹםand ruddy

    veadomH122 →

  • דָּג֖וּל[is] conspicuous

    dagulH1713 →4 times

  • מֵרְבָבָֽה׃more than ten thousand

    merevavahH7233 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Psalms 45:2

    You are the most handsome of men; grace has anointed your lips, since God has blessed you forever.

    it leads to

    • Luke 4:22

      All spoke well of Him and marveled at the gracious words that came from His lips. “Isn’t this the son of Joseph?” they asked.

    • Song of Solomon 5:10–16

      My beloved is dazzling and ruddy, outstanding among ten thousand.

    • John 7:46

      “Never has anyone spoken like this man!” the officers answered.

    • Psalms 21:6

      For You grant him blessings forever; You cheer him with joy in Your presence.

    • Hebrews 7:26

      Such a high priest truly befits us—One who is holy, innocent, undefiled, set apart from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.

  • Through

    Hebrews 7:26

    Such a high priest truly befits us—One who is holy, innocent, undefiled, set apart from sinners, and exalted above the heavens.

    it leads to

    • 2 Corinthians 5:21

      God made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God.

    • 1 Peter 2:22

      “He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in His mouth.”

    • Hebrews 4:14–15

      Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to what we profess.

About Song of Solomon

The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 16 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, Concerning Virginity 1.9.46; Aponius, EXPOSITION OF SONG OF SONGS 8:34; Bede, Commentary on the Song of Songs; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 28; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2478: “Christ's Perfection and Precedence” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes; Gregory of Nyssa, HOMILIES ON THE SONG OF SONGS 13; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jerome, Against Jovinianus 1.31; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Robert of Tombelaine, Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 5 and Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 5.