Psalms 46:4
in Psalms 46There is a river whose streams delight the city of God, the holy place where the Most High dwells.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
There is a river, the streams whereof make glad the city of God, The holy place of the tabernacles of the Most High.
KJV
There is a river, the streams whereof shall make glad the city of God, the holy place of the tabernacles of the most High.
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This verse in Psalms 46
Commentary
16 notes on this verseSome give the definition that a city is an established community, administered according to law. And the definition that has been handed down of the city is in harmony with the celestial city, Jerusalem above. For there it is a community of the first-born who have been enrolled in heaven, and this is established because of the unchanging manner of life of the saints, and it is administered according to the heavenly law. Therefore, it is not the privilege of human nature to learn the arrangement of that city and all its adornment.
This site's exposition
There is a river
on Psalms 46:4-5
There is a river answers the roaring waters of verse 3 with quiet water inside the city. Jerusalem stood on no river, and Gill and Henry read the streams as God's presence in the place where He dwells. God is within her, and she will not be moved.
The record, by era
The Church Fathers4 voices
"The streams of the river make glad the City of God" [Psalm 46:4]. When the mountains shake, when the sea rages, God deserts not His City, by the streams of the river. What are these streams of the river? That overflowing of the Holy Spirit, of which the Lord said, "If any man thirst, let him come unto Me, and drink. He that believes in Me, out of his bosom shall flow rivers of living water." [John 7:37-38] These rivers then flowed out of the bosom of Paul, Peter, John, the other Apostles, the other faithful Evangelists. Since these rivers flowed from one river, many "streams of the river make glad the City of God." For that you might know this to be said of the Holy Spirit, in the same Gospel next said the Evangelist, "But this spoke He of the Spirit, which they that were to believe in Him should receive. For the Holy Ghost was not yet given, because that Jesus was not yet glorified." [John 7:39] Jesus being glorified after His Resurrection, glorified after His Ascension, on the day of Pentecost came the Holy Spirit, and filled the believers, [Acts 2:1-2] who spoke with tongues, and began to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. Hence was the City of God made glad, while the sea was troubled by the roaring of its waters, while the mountains were confounded, asking what they should do, how drive out the new doctrine, how root out the race of Christians from the earth. Against whom? Against the streams of the river making glad the City of God. For thereby showed He of what river He spoke; that He signified the Holy Spirit, by "the streams of the river make glad the City of God." And what follows? […]
He gave the name "river" here to the preaching of the gospel and "city" to the way of life of God-fearing people, watered by the streams of the river to the point of fruitfulness.
The city of God, or the church, is the reasonable spirit. The flowing of the river is the gifts of the Spirit.
As a river divided into countless tributaries waters the surrounding land, so God's providence flows everywhere, spreading copiously, advancing in a rush and covering everything.
The Medieval Church1 voice
A commentator
BonaventureCollations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 1 · Written in the 13th century.
proposed
"There is a stream whose runlets gladden the city of God," that is, the one "coming forth from the throne of God and of the Lamb," the Holy Spirit. And there will be no inner defect, since "they shall neither hunger nor thirst" through lack …
9 more voices on this verse
The Medieval Church1 voice
"Of the river." Under a certain likeness he set forth the tribulations that the saints endured; here, however, under another likeness he proposes the divine consolation with respect to two things: namely, with respect to the abundance of divine grace, and with respect to the …
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
A river - This may design the gracious presence, and blessing of the Lord, which is frequently described under the name of waters. Make glad - Shall not barely preserve it from danger, but give great occasion for rejoicing and thanksgiving. The city - Jerusalem, the place where God's holy tabernacle is settled.
6, 7 ): though of no great depth or breadth, yet the waters of it were made serviceable to the defence of Jerusalem in Hezekiah's time, Isa. xxii. But this must be understood spiritually; the covenant of grace is the river, the promises of which are the streams; or the Spirit of grace is the river ( John vii.
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-citation-number
There is a river,....
The Nineteenth Century5 voices
There is a river. Divine grace like a smoothly flowing, fertilising, full, and never failing river, yields refreshment and consolation to believers. This is the river of the water of life, of which the church above as well as the church below partakes evermore. It is no boisterous ocean, but a placid stream, it is not stayed in its course by earthquakes or crumbling mountains, it follows its serene course without disturbance. Happy are they who know from their own experience that there is such a river of God.
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
proposed
God's favor is denoted by a river (compare Ps 36:8; Re 22:1). city of God, the holy place--His earthly residence, Jerusalem and the temple (compare Ps 2:6; God's favor, like a river whose waters are conducted in channels, is distributed to all parts of His Church. most High--denoting His supremacy (Ps 17:2).
quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — unbalanced-parens
There is a river. Divine grace like a smoothly flowing, fertilising, full, and never failing river, yields refreshment and consolation to believers. This is the river of the water of life, of which the church above as well as the church below partakes evermore. It is no boisterous ocean, but a placid stream, it is not stayed in its course by earthquakes or crumbling mountains, it follows its serene course without disturbance. Happy are they who know from their own experience that there is such a river of God. The streams whereof in their various influences, for they are many, shall make glad the city of God, by assuring the citizens that Zion's Lord will unfailingly supply all their needs. The streams are not transient like Cherith, nor muddy like the Nile, nor furious like Kishon, nor treacherous like Job's deceitful brooks, neither are their waters "naught" like those of Jericho, they are clear, cool, fresh, abundant, and gladdening. The great fear of an Eastern city in time of war was lest the water supply should be cut off during a siege; if that were secured the city could hold out against attacks for an indefinite period. In this verse, Jerusalem, which represents the church of God, is described as well supplied with water, to set forth the fact that in seasons of trial all sufficient grace will be given to enable us to endure unto the end. The church is like a well ordered city, surrounded with mighty walls of truth and justice, garrisoned by omnipotence, fairly built and adorned by infinite wisdom: its burgesses the saints enjoy high privileges; they trade with far off lands, they live in the smile of the King; and as a great river is the very making and mainstay of a town, so is the broad river of everlasting love, and grace their joy and bliss. The church is peculiarly the City of God, of his designing, building, election, purchasing and indwelling.
There is a river, the streams whereof - The Chaldee understands the river, and its streams or divisions, as pointing out various peoples who should be converted to the faith and thus make glad the city of God, Jerusalem by their flowing together to the worship of the true God. But the river may refer to the vast Medo-Persian army and its divisions: those branches which took Babylon; and, instead of ruining and destroying the poor Jews, preserved them alive, and gave them their liberty; and thus the city of God, and the tabernacle of the Most High, were gladdened.
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
There is a river - There is no allusion here to any particular stream or river, but the image is designed to represent a state of peace and calm security in contrast with the rough and troubled ocean. While the ocean rages, and foams, and dashes against the mountains as if it would overturn them, the state of Jerusalem, the city of God, was well represented by a calm and gently-flowing river; a river of full banks, diffusing joy and fertility and beauty wherever it flowed. This image, to represent happiness, abundance, peace, joy, is one that is often employed in the Scriptures. Compare Isa 32:2; Isa 33:21; Isa 41:18; Psa 1:3; Rev 22:1; Psa 36:8. The “idea” here is simply that Jerusalem would be calm and serene amidst all the external agitations in the world - calm as a gently-flowing stream. The streams - the canals - the water-courses of such a river flowing around each dwelling and along each garden, would diffuse happiness and beauty everywhere. The streams whereof - The allusion here is undoubtedly to the canals, watercourses, or rivulets that were led off from the main stream for the purpose of supplying fountains and watering gardens. Thus the city of Damascus is watered by streams or canals cut from the river Barrady, that flows down from the regions of Anti-Libanus. The greenness - the beauty - the fertility - of Damascus is owing wholly to the waters of the river thus conducted to every house and garden in the city. Compare introduction to Isa 17:1-14. […]
How the passage was read
What the Jewish commentators add
On the verses either side of this one
when the earth changes in the future, on the day concerning which Scripture states (Isa.: 6): “and the earth shall rot away like a garment.
This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.
Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 7 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.
The words behind it
8 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| נָהָ֗ר | nahar | a river | H5104 → | 119 times |
| פְּלָגָ֗יו | pelagav | streams its | H6388 → | 10 times |
| יְשַׂמְּח֥וּ | yesamechu | they make glad | H8055 → | 155 times |
| עִיר־ | ʾir- | [the] city of | H5892 → | 1090 times |
| אֱלֹהִ֑ים | ʾelohim | God | H430 → | 2601 times |
| קְ֝דֹ֗שׁ | kedosh | [the] holy [place] of | H6918 → | 116 times |
| מִשְׁכְּנֵ֥י | mishkenei | [the] dwellings of | H4908 → | 139 times |
| עֶלְיֽוֹן׃ | elyon | [the] Most High | H5945 → | 53 times |
נָהָ֗רa river
naharH5104 →119 times
פְּלָגָ֗יוstreams its
pelagavH6388 →10 times
יְשַׂמְּח֥וּthey make glad
yesamechuH8055 →155 times
עִיר־[the] city of
ʾir-H5892 →1090 times
אֱלֹהִ֑יםGod
ʾelohimH430 →2601 times
קְ֝דֹ֗שׁ[the] holy [place] of
kedoshH6918 →116 times
מִשְׁכְּנֵ֥י[the] dwellings of
mishkeneiH4908 →139 times
עֶלְיֽוֹן׃[the] Most High
elyonH5945 →53 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Psalms 87:3Glorious things are ascribed to you, O city of God. Selah
it leads to
- Ezekiel 37:27–28
My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be My people.
- Ezekiel 36:11–38
I will fill you with people and animals, and they will multiply and be fruitful. I will make you as inhabited as you once were, and I will make you prosper more than before.…
- Revelation 21:10–27
And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,
- Psalms 48:2–3
Beautiful in loftiness, the joy of all the earth, like the peaks of Zaphon is Mount Zion, the city of the great King.
- Hebrews 12:22–23
Instead, you have come to Mount Zion, to the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem. You have come to myriads of angels
- Ezekiel 37:27–28
Through
Psalms 48:8As we have heard, so we have seen in the city of the LORD of Hosts, in the city of our God: God will establish her forever. Selah
it leads to
- Psalms 87:5
And it will be said of Zion: “This one and that one were born in her, and the Most High Himself will establish her.”
- Micah 4:1
In the last days the mountain of the house of the LORD will be established as the chief of the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and the peoples will stream to…
- Psalms 46:5
God is within her; she will not be moved. God will help her when morning dawns.
- Psalms 87:5
Where this verse is studied
On this page
Studies1
About Psalms

This page draws on 15 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 46; Basil of Caesarea, HOMILIES ON THE PSALMS 18:4 (PS 46); Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 1; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David, Vol. 2; Evagrius Ponticus, NOTES ON THE PSALMS 45[46].5; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Chrysostom, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 46:1; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Theodoret of Cyrus, COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 46:5 and Thomas Aquinas, Exposition on the Psalms of David.
