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Psalms 114:3

in Psalms 114

The sea observed and fled; the Jordan turned back;

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV

ASV

The sea saw it, and fled; The Jordan was driven back.

KJV

The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back.

This verse in Psalms 114

Commentary

9 notes on this verse
The sea saw it - The word it is supplied, not very properly, by our translators. It would be more expressive to say, “The sea saw:” that is, The sea - (the Red Sea) - saw the mighty movement - the marshalled hosts - the moving masses - the cattle - the pursuing enemies - the commotion - the agitation - on its usually quiet shores.

This site's exposition

The sea observed and fled

on Psalms 114:3-6

The sea that fled is the one the LORD drove back at Exodus 14:21, and the Jordan that turned back is the water standing still at Joshua 3:16. One crossing opened the wilderness years and the other closed them. Verses 5 and 6 put the question to the sea, the Jordan, the mountains and the hills by name.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Ambrose of Milan

On the Death of Satyrus 2.74 · Written before 397.

proposed

Nor ought it to appear at all improbable that at the command of God the bones were fitted again to their joints, since we have numberless instances in which nature has obeyed the commands of heaven; as the earth was commanded to produce the green herb3 and did produce it; as the rock at the touch of the rod produced water for the thirsting people; and the hard stone poured forth streams by the mercy of God for those parched with heat.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

AGAINST JULIAN 1:3.10 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

But, again, listen to another excellent steward of God, whom I reverence as a father, for in Christ Jesus he begat me through the gospel, and from this servant of Christ I received the laver of regeneration. I speak of the blessed Ambrose, whose grace, constancy, labors, dangers, whether in works or in speech, for the catholic faith, I myself have experienced, and together with me the Roman world does not hesitate to proclaim them. When this man was explaining the Gospel according to Luke, he said, "The Jordan turned backwards" signified the future mysteries of the laver of salvation, through which infants who are baptized at the beginning of their natural life are reformed from badness.

A commentator

Augustine of Hippo

Exposition on Psalm 114 · Written in the 5th century.

proposed

"When Israel came out of Egypt, and the house of Jacob from among the strange people" [Psalm 114:1], "Judah was His sanctuary, and Israel His dominion" [Psalm 114:2]; "the sea saw that and fled, Jordan was driven back" [Psalm 114:3]. Think not that past deeds are related unto us, but rather that the future is predicted; since, while those miracles also were going on in that people, things present indeed were happening, but not without an intimation of things future....Some things he has related differently to what we have learned and read there: that he might not truly be thought to be repeating past acts rather than to be prophesying future things. For in the first place, we read not that the Jordan was driven back, but that it stood still on the side nearest the source of its streams, while the people were passing through; next, we read not of the mountains and hills skipping: all which he has added, and repeated. For after saying, "The sea saw that, and fled; Jordan was driven back:" he added, "The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like young sheep" [Psalm 114:4]: and then asks, "What ails you, O thou sea, that you fled, and thou, Jordan, that you were driven back?" [Psalm 114:5]. "You mountains, that you skipped like rams; and you little hills, like young sheep?" [Psalm 114:6].

A commentator

Maximus of Turin

SERMON 13B.2 · Written before 465.

proposed

The water was cleansed, which was enriched with the warmth of the Lord's blessing, although it was common and cold. Consequently, what previously had scarcely washed away worldly stains on objects now purifies the spiritual stains on souls. And do not marvel at the fact …

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

): The sea saw it, saw there that Judah was God's sanctuary, and Israel his dominion, and therefore fled; for nothing could be more awful. It was this that drove Jordan back, and was an invincible dam to his streams;

quarantine:debris (2026-07-29) — leading-punctuation+unbalanced-parens

2 more voices on this verse

The Puritans and the Awakening1 voice

The sea saw it, and fled,....

The Nineteenth Century1 voice

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

The sea saw it, and fled - Mr. Addison has properly observed (see Spect. No. 461) that the author of this Psalm designedly works for effect, in pointing out the miraculous driving back the Red Sea and the river Jordan, and the commotion of the hills and mountains, without mentioning any agent. At last, when the reader sees the sea rapidly retiring from the shore, Jordan retreating to its source, and the mountains and hills running away like a flock of affrighted sheep, that the passage of the Israelites might be every where uninterrupted; then the cause of all is suddenly introduced, and the presence of God in his grandeur solves every difficulty.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

the Jordan turned backward because all the water of Creation split.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 114:3:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
2 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
Judah became His holy nation He took Judah as the lot of His portion and His sanctity, and even they sanctified His name when they descended into the sea, as the matter that is stated (above: 28): “the princes of Judah pelt them with stones.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Psalms 114:2:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
the assembly of the house of Judah was taken for His holiness, Israel for His rule.
Targum · Aramaic Targum to Psalms 114:2, via Sefaria, Sefaria Community Translation

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

6 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • הַיָּ֣םthe sea

    haiyamH3220396 times

  • רָ֭אָהit saw

    raahH72001300 times

  • וַיָּנֹ֑סand it fled

    vaiyanosH5127159 times

  • הַ֝יַּרְדֵּ֗ןthe Jordan

    haiyardenH3383182 times

  • יִסֹּ֥בit turned around

    yisoH5437161 times

  • לְאָחֽוֹר׃to backwards

    leachorH26841 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Exodus 14:21

    Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all that night the LORD drove back the sea with a strong east wind that turned it into dry land. So the waters were…

    it leads to

    • Exodus 15:8

      At the blast of Your nostrils the waters piled up; like a wall the currents stood firm; the depths congealed in the heart of the sea.

      Reached by 2 separate paths from here.

    • Isaiah 63:12

      who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown,

    • Psalms 66:6

      He turned the sea into dry land; they passed through the waters on foot; there we rejoiced in Him.

    • Nehemiah 9:11

      You divided the sea before them, and they crossed through it on dry ground. You hurled their pursuers into the depths like a stone into raging waters.

    • Psalms 78:13

      He split the sea and brought them through; He set the waters upright like a wall.

  • Through

    Psalms 77:16

    The waters saw You, O God; the waters saw You and swirled; even the depths were shaken.

    it leads to

    • Exodus 14:21

      Then Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and all that night the LORD drove back the sea with a strong east wind that turned it into dry land. So the waters were…

    • Habakkuk 3:15

      You trampled the sea with Your horses, churning the great waters.

  • Through

    Habakkuk 3:15

    You trampled the sea with Your horses, churning the great waters.

    it leads to

    • Psalms 77:19

      Your path led through the sea, Your way through the mighty waters, but Your footprints were not to be found.

About Psalms

Joshua Passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant. Benjamin West, 1800. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Public domain.
Joshua Passing the River Jordan with the Ark of the Covenant. Benjamin West, 1800. Art Gallery of New South Wales. Public domain.
This page draws on 9 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Ambrose of Milan, On the Death of Satyrus 2.74; Augustine of Hippo, AGAINST JULIAN 1:3.10; Augustine of Hippo, Exposition on Psalm 114; Charles Spurgeon, The Treasury of David; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Maximus of Turin, SERMON 13B.2.