Job 26:5
in Job 26The dead tremble—those beneath the waters and those who dwell in them.
BSB
The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾
ASV
They that are deceased tremble Beneath the waters and the inhabitants thereof.
KJV
Dead things are formed from under the waters, and the inhabitants thereof.
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This verse in Job 26
Commentary
9 notes on this verseLo, the giants groan under the waters. For it was fitting that by rebuking he should first beat down the swelling of earthly wisdom, and by instruction afterwards pass on to words replete with mysteries. Thus by 'giants,' either apostate Angels, or all proud men may without objection be understood. For hence it is said by the Prophet, The dead shall not live, the giants shall not rise up again. For whom does he call 'the dead' saving sinners, and whom does he designate 'giants' save those, who over and above take pride in sin.
This site's exposition
The dead tremble
on Job 26:5-6
The dead who tremble, "those beneath the waters", are the Hebrew rephaim, the shades of the underworld. "Sheol is naked before God, and Abaddon has no covering". Gill reads the pair as Job's opening move in the account of creation, from the deepest place to the height of the heavens.
The record, by era
The Medieval Church1 voice
Then, lest Job seem to detract from the power of God in anything, he commends it as much more all encompassing than did Baldath, enumerating the many effects of divine power. He begins from those effects which God powerfully worked in the human race in …
The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices
16 , where hell is called the congregation of the dead; and it is the same word which is here used, and which he would there have rendered the congregation of the giants, in allusion to the drowning of the sinners of the old world.
So the sense is, that God's dominion is over all men, yea, even the dead, and the worst of them, who though they would not own God, nor his providence, while they lived, yet now are forced to acknowledge and feel that power which they despised, and bitterly mourn under the sad effects of it in their infernal habitations.
Dead things are formed from under the waters,....
The Nineteenth Century1 voice
A commentator
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown1802–1910
Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)
"Sheol" comes from a Hebrew root--"ask," because it is insatiable (Pr 27:20); or "ask as a loan to be returned," implying Sheol is but a temporary abode, previous to the resurrection; so for English Version "formed," the Septuagint and Chaldee translate; shall be born, or born again, implying the dead are to be given back from Sheol and born again into a new state [MAGEE].
2 more voices on this verse
The Nineteenth Century2 voices
Dead things are formed from under the waters - This verse, as it stands in our version, seems to convey no meaning; and the Hebrew is obscure; הרפאים, harephaim, “the Rephaim,” certainly means not dead things; nor can there be any propriety in saying that dead things, or things without life, are formed under the waters, for such things are formed everywhere in the earth, and under the earth, as well as under the waters. The Vulgate translates: Ecce gigantes gemunt sub aquis, et qui habitant cum eis. “Behold the giants, and those who dwell with them, groan from under the waters.” The Septuagint: Μη γιγαντες μαιωθησονται ὑποκατωθεν ὑδατος, και των γειτονων αυτου; “Are not the giants formed from under the waters, and their neighbors?” The Chaldee: אפשר דגבריא דמתמזמזין יתברין ואנון מלרע למיא ומשריתהון eposhar degibraiya demithmazmezin yithbareyan veinnun millera lemaiya umashreiyatehon, “Can the trembling giants be regenerated, when they and their hosts are under the water?” The Syriac and Arabic: “Behold, the giants are slain, and are drawn out of the water.” None of these appear to give any sense by which the true meaning can be determined. There is probably here an allusion to the destruction of the earth by the general deluge. Moses, speaking concerning the state of the earth before the flood, says, Gen 6:4, “There were giants נפלים nephilim, in the earth in those days.” Now it is likely that Job means the same by רפאים rephaim as Moses does by the nephilim; and that both refer to the antediluvians, who were all, for their exceeding great iniquities, overwhelmed by the waters of the deluge. Can those mighty men and their neighbors, all the sinners who have been gathered to them since, be rejected from under the waters, by which they were judicially overwhelmed? Mr. […]
A commentator
Albert Barnes1798–1870
Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869)
proposed
Dead things - Job here commences his description of God, to show that his views of his majesty and glory were in no way inferior to those which had been expressed by Bildad, and that what Bildad had said conveyed to him no real information. In this description he far surpasses Bildad in loftiness of conception, and sublimity of description. Indeed, it may be doubted whether for grandeur this passage is surpassed by any description of the majesty of God in the Bible. The passage here has given rise to much discussion, and to a great variety of opinion.
The words behind it
5 Hebrew wordsEvery Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.
| Hebrew | Sound | Meaning | Word study | In the Bible |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| הָרְפָאִ֥ים | harefaim | the shades | H7496 → | |
| יְחוֹלָ֑לוּ | yecholalu | they are made to tremble | H2342 → | 58 times |
| מִתַּ֥חַת | mitachat | <from> under | H8478 → | 505 times |
| מַ֝֗יִם | mayim | [the] waters | H4325 → | 581 times |
| וְשֹׁכְנֵיהֶֽם׃ | veshokheneihem | and [those which] dwell in them | H7931 → | 129 times |
הָרְפָאִ֥יםthe shades
harefaimH7496 →
יְחוֹלָ֑לוּthey are made to tremble
yecholaluH2342 →58 times
מִתַּ֥חַת<from> under
mitachatH8478 →505 times
מַ֝֗יִם[the] waters
mayimH4325 →581 times
וְשֹׁכְנֵיהֶֽם׃and [those which] dwell in them
veshokheneihemH7931 →129 times
A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.
The walk
8 stopsEach card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.
Through
Genesis 6:4The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and afterward as well—when the sons of God had relations with the daughters of men. And they bore them children who became the mighty men of…
it leads to
- Numbers 13:33
We even saw the Nephilim there—the descendants of Anak that come from the Nephilim! We seemed like grasshoppers in our own sight, and we must have seemed the same to them!”
- 1 Samuel 17:4
Then a champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out from the Philistine camp. He was six cubits and a span in height,
- 2 Samuel 21:15–22
Once again the Philistines waged war against Israel, and David and his servants went down and fought against the Philistines; but David became exhausted.
- Deuteronomy 3:11
(For only Og king of Bashan had remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. His bed of iron, nine cubits long and four cubits wide, is still in Rabbah of the Ammonites.)
- Deuteronomy 2:20–21
(That too was regarded as the land of the Rephaim, who used to live there, though the Ammonites called them Zamzummites.
- Numbers 13:33
Through
Psalms 88:10Do You work wonders for the dead? Do departed spirits rise up to praise You? Selah
it leads to
- Isaiah 26:19
Your dead will live; their bodies will rise. Awake and sing, you who dwell in the dust! For your dew is like the dew of the morning, and the earth will bring forth her…
- Psalms 6:5
For there is no mention of You in death; who can praise You from Sheol?
- Isaiah 38:18–19
For Sheol cannot thank You; Death cannot praise You. Those who descend to the Pit cannot hope for Your faithfulness.
- Isaiah 26:19
About Job
This page draws on 10 works. Open the list of works
This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Job; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Gregory the Dialogist, Morals on the Book of Job, Book XVII; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible and Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Job.