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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 61

8 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →

Key verse

From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I.

The chapter

Chapter summary

'From the end of the earth will I call unto thee, when my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I.' A tower from the enemy; 'I will dwell in thy tabernacle for ever: I will take refuge in the covert of thy wings.' Thou hast given me the heritage of those that fear thy name. Prayer for the king (days prolonged, years as many generations, abiding before God), 'so will I sing praise unto thy name for ever, that I may daily perform my vows.'

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview

Where the chapter sits

Psalms 61 falls in Book II: Davidic + Korahite (chapters 42–72). Sons of Korah cluster (42–49); Davidic continuation (51–65, 68–70); Ps 51 as penitential anchor (David + Bathsheba). Doxology at 72:18–20: ''the prayers of David the son of Jesse are ended.''

Before it: Book I: Davidic core, chapters 1–41. After it: Book III: Asaph and covenant crisis, chapters 73–89.

The whole shape of Psalms

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 61
When
David's reign, from somewhere outside the capital · Date unstated; often placed during the flight from Absalom, c. 979 BC
Where
The far edge of the land, most likely east of the Jordan, looking back toward Jerusalem
Who first heard it
Worshippers cut off from the sanctuary and praying toward it

The history

From the end of the earth does not mean the other side of the world. It means the far edge of the territory, and for a king of Israel that meant across the Jordan. The one time we know David was there was the Absalom revolt, when he crossed the river and made his base at Mahanaim; the psalm names no event, so this stays a likely setting rather than a fact.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

The rock that is higher than I is a specific kind of refuge. The Judean and Transjordanian country is full of crags and flat-topped outcrops with a single approach, and a man who reached the top of one could not be rushed. Later fortresses were built on exactly such rocks for exactly this reason.

Two shelters run together in the middle of the psalm. The tent is the tabernacle on Zion where the ark was housed before the temple was built. And the covert of the wings is both the wings of the carved figures spread over the ark's cover and the ordinary sight of a bird pulling its young in underneath it.

The prayer at the end for the king's years to run through many generations follows a court formula used all over the ancient Near East, where subjects prayed long life for the ruler. In Israel it had grown into something larger, a prayer about a dynasty God had promised to keep.

What it meant to them

A king in exile prays for the king. That is the strange move here: he prays for the promise rather than only for himself.

For later worshippers singing this in the temple, the king in the song had outgrown any one man on the throne, and the vows paid day by day at the end of it were their own.

Sources cited

  • Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Verses 1 to 8

1. (vv. 1-2)

a.Hear my cry, O God: Barnes reads the ends of the earth as the far edge of the land, where David is cut off from the place of worship. From there he calls whenever his heart is faint, and asks to be led up to the rock that is higher. Spurgeon reads that rock as above the man's own reach.

Psalms 61:2, 3 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.

Psalms 61:2

From the end of the earth will I cry unto thee. He was banished from the spot which was the centre of his delight, and at the same time his mind was in a depressed and melancholy condition; both actually and figuratively he was an outcast, yet he does not therefore restrain prayer, but rather finds therein a reason for the louder and more importunate cries.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:2

IT is supposed by many that David wrote this Psalm at the time when he fled from his son Absalom. That trial was one of the most grievous of all the afflictions of David's greatly-checkered life. It was but a little thing for him to be hunted by Saul like a partridge upon the mountains. It was a small matter for him to have to take refuge with Achish, and to sojourn among the Philistines, an alien from his mother's children. No, all the afflictions of his preceding life were but light trials compared with the revolt of Absalom.

Charles Spurgeon· written before 1892· The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 2728: “The High Rock” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:2

The particular petition he put up to God when his heart was overwhelmed and he was ready to sink: Lead me to the rock that is higher than I; that is, 1. "To the rock which is too high for me to get up to unless thou help me to it. Lord, give me such an assurance and satisfaction of my own safety as I can never attain to but by thy special grace working such a faith in me." 2.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

2. (vv. 3-4)

a.The prayer turns to what God has already been, a refuge and a tower against the enemy. Delitzsch reads Your tent as the sanctuary, and David asks to dwell there forever and to hide in the shelter of Your wings. The picture is a bird under a wing.

Psalms 61:3, 1 voice

Psalms 61:3

For thou hast been a shelter for me. Observe how the psalmist rings the changes on, Thou hast, and I will, —Ps 61:3-6. Experience is the nurse of faith. From the past we gather arguments for present confidence. Many and many a time had the persecutions of Saul and the perils of battle imperilled David's life, and only by miracle had he escaped, yet was he still alive and unhurt; this he remembers, and he is full of hope. And a strong tower from the enemy. As in a fort impregnable, David had dwelt, because surrounded by omnipotence.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:4, 2 voices

Psalms 61:4

I will abide in thy tabernacle for ever,.... Under the protection of the Lord, as in a shepherd's tent, or as in one belonging to a general of an army, where are fulness and safety; See Gill on Psa 27:5; or else the tabernacle of the congregation is meant; the house of God, the place of divine and public worship, where he desired and determined always to continue, Psa 23:6; or else the tabernacle which was prefigured by that below, where he knew he should dwell to all eternity.

Psalms 61:4

Those that dwell in God's tabernacle, as it is a house of duty, during their short ever on earth, shall dwell in that tabernacle which is the house of glory during an endless ever. The grace of God and the covenant of grace shall be his constant comfort: I will make my refuge in the covert of his wings, as the chickens seek both warmth and safety under the wings of the hen.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

3. (vv. 5-8)

a.God has heard his vows, and the psalm closes with the same vows paid day by day. Between them the prayer widens to the king, that his days be increased and his years span many generations in God's presence. Calvin reads those years as David's throne kept in Christ.

Psalms 61:5, 2 voices

Psalms 61:5

For thou, O God, hast heard my vows,.... Or "my prayers", as the Septuagint and other versions. Vows are so called, because it was usual to make vows in trouble, when prayer was made to the Lord for help and deliverance, Psa 66:13. This is a reason why the psalmist was encouraged to put his trust in the Lord, because his prayers were heard by him; or he was sure they would be, as he had entreated, Psa 61:

Psalms 61:5

For thou, O God, hast heard my vows. Proofs of divine faithfulness are to be had in remembrance, and to be mentioned to the Lord's honour. The prayer of Ps 61:1 is certain of an answer because of the experience of Ps 61:5, since we deal with an immutable God. Vows may rightly be joined with prayers when they are lawful, well considered, and truly for God's glory. It is great mercy on God's part to take any notice of the vows and promises of such faithless and deceitful creatures as we are.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:6, 3 voices

Psalms 61:6

Thou wilt prolong the King's life,.... Or "add days to the days of the King" (a). Meaning either himself, who, though his life was in danger by fighting with the Syrians and Edomites, or rather through the conspiracy of his son; yet was assured that he should yet live many years more, and especially in his posterity; and that his kingdom would be established for ever, as was promised him, 2Sa 7:

Psalms 61:6

Thou wilt prolong the king's life; or, better, "days to the days of the King thou wilt add." Death threatened, but God preserved his beloved. David, considering his many perils, enjoyed a long and prosperous reign. And his years as many generations. He lived to see generation after generation personally; in his descendants he lived as king through a very long period; his dynasty continued for many generations; and in Christ Jesus, his seed and son, spiritually David reigns on evermore.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:6

Prolong - The years of my life and reign. Thus he speaks because his kingdom was not like Saul's, but established to him and his heirs; and because Christ, his son and heir, should actually, and in his own person possess the kingdom forever. Before God - Living and ruling as in God's presence, serving God and worshipping him in his tabernacle.

John Wesley· Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)evangelical

Psalms 61:7, 1 voice

Psalms 61:7

He shall abide before God for ever. Though this is true of David in a modified sense, we prefer to view the Lord Jesus as here intended as the lineal descendant of David, and the representative of his royal race. Jesus is enthroned before God to eternity; here is our safety, dignity, and delight. We reign in him; in him we are made to sit together in the heavens. David's personal claim to sit enthroned for ever is but a foreshadowing of the revealed privilege of all true believers. O prepare mercy and truth, which may preserve him.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 61:8, 1 voice

Psalms 61:8

So will I sing praise unto thy name for ever. Because my prayer is answered, my song shall be perpetual; because Jesus for ever sits at thy right hand, it shall be acceptable; because I am preserved in him, it shall be grateful. David had given vocal utterance to his prayer by a cry; he will now give expression to his praise by a song: there should be a parallel between our supplications and our thanksgivings. We ought not to leap in prayer, and limp in praise.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 3 (1872)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 61. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; John Calvin, Commentary on the Book of Psalms; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765) and Matthew Henry.

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