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Song of Solomon 3:10

in Song of Solomon 3

He has made its posts of silver, its base of gold, its seat of purple fabric. Its interior is inlaid with love by the daughters of Jerusalem.

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

He made the pillars thereof of silver, The bottom thereof of gold, the seat of it of purple, The midst thereof being paved with love, From the daughters of Jerusalem.

KJV

He made the pillars thereof of silver, the bottom thereof of gold, the covering of it of purple, the midst thereof being paved with love, for the daughters of Jerusalem.

This verse in Song of Solomon 3

Commentary

22 notes on this verse

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

The pillars - of silver - The bedposts were made of silver, or cased with wrought silver plates, like the king’s chairs brought from Hanover, now, in one of the staterooms in Windsor Castle. The bottom thereof of gold - This may refer to cords made of gold thread, or to the mattress, which was made of cloth ornamented with gold. The covering - of purple - Most probably the canopy.

This site's exposition

King Solomon has made his carriage

on Song of Solomon 3:9-10

Solomon builds his carriage from "the timber of Lebanon," the cedar of the temple. He made "its posts of silver, its base of gold, its seat of purple fabric." The list ends on the one thing no craftsman supplies: "Its interior is inlaid with love by the daughters of Jerusalem".

This site's exposition

its base of gold

Adam Clarke pictured posts cased in plates of wrought silver and a base of cloth worked with gold thread. Jamieson, Fausset and Brown read the base as a backrest. They followed Maurer, the Vulgate and the Septuagint, which took it as the part for reclining on.

The record, by era

The Church Fathers4 voices

A commentator

Gregory of Nyssa

HOMILIES ON THE SONG OF SONGS 7 · Written before 395.

proposed

No one can adequately grasp the terms pertaining to God. For example, "mother" is mentioned in the Song in place of "father." Both terms mean the same, because there is neither male nor female in God. For how can anything transitory like this be attributed to God? But when we are one in Christ, we are divested of the signs of this difference along with the old person. Therefore every name equally indicates God's ineffable nature; neither can "male" nor "female" defile God's pure nature. Because of this, the father mentioned in the gospel parable prepares a wedding. The prophet says of God, "You have placed on his head a crown of precious stones." Hence the Song says that a crown is placed upon the bridegroom by his mother. Since the nuptials and bride are one, one mother places the crown upon the bridegroom's head. Neither does it make much difference whether one calls the Son of God the only begotten God, or the Son of his love. According to Paul, each name has the capacity to be a bridal escort that leads the bridegroom to dwell in us.

A commentator

Cyril of Jerusalem

Catechetical Lecture 13:17 · Written before 386.

proposed

Every king is proclaimed by soldiers. It was fitting that Jesus also, in figure, be crowned by soldiers. For this reason Scripture says in the Canticles: "Daughters of Jerusalem, come forth and look upon King Solomon in the crown with which his mother has crowned him." But the crown was also a mystery, for it was a remission of sins and release from the sentence of condemnation.

A commentator

Tyrannius Rufinus

COMMENTARY ON THE APOSTLES' CREED 22 · Written before 411.

proposed

It is written that there was put on him a crown of thorns. Of this hear in the Canticles the voice of God the Father marveling at the iniquity of Jerusalem in the insult done to his Son: "Go forth and see, you daughters of Jerusalem, the crown with which his mother has crowned him."

A commentator

Cyril of Alexandria

FRAGMENTS IN THE COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 3:10 · Written before 444.

proposed

We should think that the use of gold denotes spiritual union, which is precious and divine. For, to demonstrate the union of God and humankind, the ark in the desert was also covered within and without by gold. The purple signifies that number of persons who are called to the kingdom. And when someone believes, at that moment Christ is received in the heart, who is a precious pearl. For it says that he made a litter for himself from the daughters of Jerusalem on account of love alone: "For God so loved the world that he sent his only-begotten Son, that all who believe in him would not perish but have eternal life."

The Medieval Church1 voice

A commentator

Bonaventure

Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 23 · Written in the 13th century.

proposed

And he said: I have wanted to lead you to this "tree of life." "King Solomon hath made him a litter of the wood of Libanus. The pillars thereof he made of silver, the seat of gold, the going up of purple: the midst he …
14 more voices on this verse

The Medieval Church6 voices

A commentator

Bernard of Clairvaux

Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 51 · Written before 1153.

proposed

There is a place between fear and security, as between the left and the right, namely the middle place of hope, in which the mind and conscience, with the soft bedding of charity laid beneath, rests most sweetly. And perhaps in what follows in this …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

He made its columns of silver. James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be columns. He made these columns of silver, in truth, because He established holy teachers in the splendor of the heavenly word to confirm the faith and to uplift the state of …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

Its recliner of gold. He made a recliner in the palanquin when He promised the faithful the hope of perpetual rest. "Take my yoke upon you," He says, "and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

Its ascent of purple. True purple is dyed with the blood of shellfish. Therefore, the ascent of Solomon's palanquin is purple because our King and Lord loved us and washed us from our sins in His own blood (Revelation I). And no ascent to this …

A commentator

Bede

Commentary on the Song of Songs · Written before 735.

proposed

In the midst of love He established it, etc. With that very love with which He suffered for us: for no one has greater love than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends (John 15). And as the Apostle says, But God …

A commentator

Robert of Tombelaine

Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 3 · Written in the 11th century.

proposed

He made its columns of silver, because He gave preachers to that same Church, whom He strengthened with the great uprightness of justice so that they might sustain it by their examples, and adorned with the brilliance of eloquence, as with the splendor of silver, …

The Puritans and the Awakening3 voices

A commentator

John Wesley

1703–1791

Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament (1765)

proposed

The bottom - The under and lower part. Whereby he may seem to understand the foundation of the word and promises, which is either God's covenant, or Christ's mediation, in whom all the promises are yea and amen.
He made the pillars thereof of silver,....

A commentator

Matthew Henry

1662–1714

Commentary on the Whole Bible (1710)

proposed

This is that work of Christ himself wherein the glory of his grace and love to sinners most eminently appears, and which makes him amiable and admirable in the eyes of believers. In this covenant love is conveyed to them, and they are carried in it to the perfection of love, and, as it were, ride in triumph.

The Nineteenth Century5 voices

THIS portion of the Song describes the royal bridegroom as traveling up from the wilderness in an eastern palanquin, attended by his bodyguard and by those who bear torches and burn perfumes. We have a description of the sumptuous chariot-bed in which this great monarch traveled, describing it as being made of cedar, with pillars of silver, a bottom of gold, curtains of purple, and within it a patterned floor, with pavement, not of precious stones, but of priceless love. Metaphor is suddenly dropped in this last item and the result is a complicated, but very expressive form of speech.

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Pillars with silver sockets supported the veil that enclosed the holy of holies; emblem of Jesus Christ's strength (1Ki 7:21), Margin, "silver," emblem of His purity (Ps 12:6); so the saints hereafter (Re 3:12). bottom--rather, "the back for resting or reclining on" (Vulgate and Septuagint) [MAURER].
GREAT PRINCES IN THE EAST are in the habit of travelling in splendid palanquins, which are at the same time chariots and beds. The person reclines within, screened by curtains from public view; a body-guard protects the equipage from robbers, and blazing torches light up the path along which the travelers proceed. King Solomon, in this Song, describes the Church of Christ, and Christ himself, as travailing through the world in such a palanquin. The day is coming when both our divine Lord and his chosen bride shall be revealed in glory before the eyes of all men. The present age is the period of concealment—the mystical Solomon and his beloved Solyma are both on earth, but they are unseen of men; like the ark of old they dwell within curtains; only the anointed priests of God can discern their beauties, and even these gaze rather by faith than by sight. "Lo I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world," is certainly true, for Jesus is here; but equally correct is that word of Peter, "Whom having not seen, ye love; in whom, though now ye see him not, yet believing, ye rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory." He is here in the reality, power, and influence of his presence, but he is not here as to the visibility of his kingdom and person, for we wait with our loins girt about, and with patience of hope, until the revelation of Jesus Christ. The portion of the blessed canticle now before us is, we think, descriptive of the progress of the hidden Christ through the world. He has been borne along, in very truth, but he himself has been so little perceived of men, that they even ask the question, "Who is this that cometh out of the wilderness?" He is not now manifested openly to men. If any should say, "Lo here!" or "Lo there! this is Christ!" believe them not, for Christ is not as yet seen.
GREAT PRINCES IN THE EAST are in the habit of travelling in splendid palanquins, which are at the same time chariots and beds. The person reclines within, screened by curtains from public view; a body-guard protects the equipage from robbers, and blazing torches light up the path along which the travelers proceed. King Solomon, in this Song, describes the Church of Christ, and Christ himself, as travailing through the world in such a palanquin. The day is coming when both our divine Lord and his chosen bride shall be revealed in glory before the eyes of all men.
THIS portion of the Song describes the royal bridegroom as traveling up from the wilderness in an eastern palanquin, attended by his bodyguard and by those who bear torches and burn perfumes. We have a description of the sumptuous chariot-bed in which this great monarch traveled, describing it as being made of cedar, with pillars of silver, a bottom of gold, curtains of purple, and within it a patterned floor, with pavement, not of precious stones, but of priceless love. Metaphor is suddenly dropped in this last item and the result is a complicated, but very expressive form of speech. Some regard the expression as signifying a pavement of stone, engraved with hieroglyphic emblems of love which made up the floor of this traveling chariot. But this would surely be very uncomfortable and unusual, and therefore others have explained the passage as referring to choice embroidery and dainty carpets, woven with cost and care, with which the interior of the traveling chair was lined. Into such embroidery sentences of love poetry may have been worked. Needlework was probably the material of which it was composed—skillful fingers would therein set forth emblems and symbols of love. As the spouse in the second chapter sings, "His banner over me was love," probably alluding to some love word upon the banner, probably tokens of love were carved or embroidered, as the case may have been, upon the interior of the chariot, so that "the midst thereof was paved with love, for the daughters of Jerusalem." We need not, however, tarry long over the metaphor, but endeavor to profit by its teaching.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

Its covering. His resting place and His dwelling were on the Ark cover, which is gold. 11 See Shemos:17,.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on Song of Songs 3:10:1, via Sefaria, The Metsudah Five Megillot, Lakewood, N.J., 2001
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
After he had completed it, he placed in it the Ark of the Testimony, which is the pillar of the world.
Targum · Aramaic Targum to Song of Songs 3:10, via Sefaria, English Translation by Jay Treat

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

12 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • עַמּוּדָיו֙posts its

    ʾamudavH5982 →

  • עָ֣שָׂהhe made

    ʾasahH6213 →2628 times

  • כֶ֔סֶףsilver

    khesefH3701 →403 times

  • רְפִידָת֣וֹback its

    refidatoH7507 →

  • זָהָ֔בgold

    zahavH2091 →389 times

  • מֶרְכָּב֖וֹseat its

    merkavoH4817 →

  • אַרְגָּמָ֑ןpurple wool

    ʾargamanH713 →

  • תּוֹכוֹ֙middle its

    tokhoH8432 →

  • רָצ֣וּף[was] fitted out

    ratzufH7528 →

  • אַהֲבָ֔הleather

    ʾahavahH160 →38 times

  • מִבְּנ֖וֹתfrom [the] daughters of

    mibenotH1323 →588 times

  • יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃Jerusalem

    yerushalimH3389 →643 times

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    Revelation 1:5

    and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has released us from our sins by…

    it leads to

    • Psalms 89:27

      I will indeed appoint him as My firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.

    • Hebrews 9:14

      how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, purify our consciences from works of death, so that we may serve the living God!

    • 1 John 1:7

      But if we walk in the light as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus His Son cleanses us from all sin.

    • Revelation 17:14

      They will make war against the Lamb, and the Lamb will triumph over them, because He is Lord of lords and King of kings; and He will be accompanied by His called and chosen…

    • Colossians 1:18

      And He is the head of the body, the church; He is the beginning and firstborn from among the dead, so that in all things He may have preeminence.

  • Through

    Revelation 3:12

    The one who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will never again leave it. Upon him I will write the name of My God, and the…

    it leads to

    • Revelation 22:4

      They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads.

    • Revelation 21:2

      I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

    • Revelation 14:1

      Then I looked and saw the Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him 144,000 who had His name and His Father’s name written on their foreheads.

Where this verse is studied

About Song of Solomon

The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
The Beloved or The Bride, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, between 1865 and 1866. Public domain.
This page draws on 17 works. Open the list of works

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Bede, Commentary on the Song of Songs; Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Song of Songs, Sermon 51; Bonaventure, Collations on the Hexaemeron, Collation 23; Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 1134: “Paved With Love” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Charles Spurgeon, The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Sermon No. 482: “The Royal Pair in Their Glorious Chariot” (lightly modernized text, CCEL edition); Cyril of Alexandria, FRAGMENTS IN THE COMMENTARY ON THE SONG OF SONGS 3:10; Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lecture 13:17; Franz Delitzsch, Commentary on the Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes; Gregory of Nyssa, HOMILIES ON THE SONG OF SONGS 7; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763); John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament; Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible; Robert of Tombelaine, Commentary on the Song of Songs, Chapter 3 and Tyrannius Rufinus, COMMENTARY ON THE APOSTLES' CREED 22.