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1 Chronicles 3:1

in 1 Chronicles 3

These were the sons of David who were born to him in Hebron: The firstborn was Amnon by Ahinoam of Jezreel; the second was Daniel by Abigail of Carmel;

BSB

The same verse in ASV and KJV ▾

ASV

Now these were the sons of David, that were born unto him in Hebron: the first-born, Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second, Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess;

KJV

Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron; the firstborn Amnon, of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess; the second Daniel, of Abigail the Carmelitess:

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This verse in 1 Chronicles 3

Commentary

5 notes on this verse
Now these were the sons of David,.... The six following born in Hebron, who are reckoned in the same order as in 2Sa 3:2, only here the second son is called Daniel, who there goes by the name of Chileab; he had two names, the reason of which see there; and here David's wife, Eglah, is said in the Targum to be Michal, Saul's daughter; see Gill on 2Sa 3:5, to which is added an account of his reign both in Hebron and Jerusalem, agreeably to 2Sa 5:5.

This site's exposition

the sons of David

on 1 Chronicles 3:1-4

The six sons born to David at Hebron repeat 2 Samuel 3:2-5's list with one variant, Chileab renamed Daniel here, and Chronicles never returns to tell what these names meant for the kingdom: no note on Amnon's crime, no note on Absalom's revolt against his own father, both already told in Samuel. Verse 4 closes the Hebron count with the reign length Samuel and Kings already record, seven years and six months there and thirty three in Jerusalem, forty years in all.

The record, by era

The Nineteenth Century3 voices

The sons of David - The writer returns to the point at which he had left the posterity of Ram 1Ch 2:9, 1Ch 2:15, and traces out the family of David - the royal house of the tribe of Judah. Daniel - See the marginal note and reference. There are three lists of the sons of David, born in Jerusalem. 2Sa 5:14-16 1Ch 3:5-8 1Ch 14:4-7 1. Shammuah Shimeah* Shammuah 2. Shobab Shobab Shobab 3. Nathan Nathan Nathan 4. Solomon Solomon Solomon 5. Ibhar Ibhar Ibhar 6. Elishua Elishama* Elishua 7. a Eliphelet* Elpalet* 8. a Nogah Nogah

A commentator

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

1802–1910

Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)

Now these were the sons of David, which were born unto him in Hebron--It is of consequence for the proper understanding of events in the domestic history of David, to bear in mind the place and time of his sons' birth. The oldest son, born after his father's accession to the sovereign authority, is according to Eastern notions, the proper heir to the throne.

A commentator

Adam Clarke

1762–1832

Commentary on the Bible · Written before 1832.

proposed

The second, Daniel - In 2Sa 3:3, this person is called Chileab; he probably had two names. The Targum says, “The second, Daniel, who was also called Chileab, because he was in every respect like to his father.” The Targumist refers here to the import of the word כלאב ke-le-ab, like to the father. Jarchi says the two names were given to this person because David, having taken Abigail immediately after the death of Nabal, it could not be ascertained whether this child were the son of David or of Nabal, therefore David called him דניאל Daniel, God is my Judge, and כלאב Chileab, he who is like to the father; probably from the striking resemblance he bore to David, his reputed father. “God is my Judge, I have not fathered another man’s child; this is entirely like unto myself.

How the passage was read

What the Jewish commentators add

the second, Daniel But in II Sam. (3:3) it says: “And the second (sic), Chileab, of Abigail.” It is explained in Midrash Vayechulu ( Ozar Midrashim, p. 156) that David married Abigail after Nabal died, and they suspected that her son was Nabal’s.
Rashi: France, 1040–1105 · Rashi on I Chronicles 3:1:1, via Sefaria, The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg
1 more on this passage, in their own words ▾
And these were the sons of David who were born to him in Ḥebron: his firstborn Amnon by Aḥinoam of Jezreel, the second Daniel aka Khil'ab who looked exactly like his father [ kuleih l'abba ] by Avigail of Carmel.
Targum · Targum of I Chronicles 3:1, via Sefaria, Sefaria Community Translation

This section is reception history: how the passage was read and kept in the Jewish tradition. Where a reading parts from an essential of the Christian faith, the section says so at that point.

Texts and citation data: Sefaria; each excerpt follows its version’s licence. 3 further sources are cited on this chapter that carry no English text this site may quote or only restate the verse.

The words behind it

16 Hebrew words

Every Hebrew word of this verse in the order it stands, with what it means and the door to its own study. The last column counts the times a word stands in the whole Bible: the rarer the word, the more the places it appears belong together.

  • וְאֵ֤לֶּהand these

    veelehH428 →746 times

  • הָיוּ֙they were

    hayuH1961 →3559 times

  • בְּנֵ֣י[the] sons of

    beneiH1121 →4930 times

  • דָויִ֔דDavid

    doyidH1732 →999 times

  • אֲשֶׁ֥רwhom

    ʾasherH834 →5497 times

  • נֽוֹלַד־it was born

    nolad-H3205 →496 times

  • ל֖וֹto him

    lo

  • בְּחֶבְר֑וֹןin Hebron

    bechevronH2275 →72 times

  • הַבְּכ֣וֹר׀the firstborn

    habekhorH1060 →122 times

  • אַמְנֹ֗ןAmnon

    ʾamnonH550 →

  • לַאֲחִינֹ֙עַם֙to Ahinoam

    laachinoamH293 →

  • הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔יתthe Jezreelite [woman]

    haiyizreelitH3158 →

  • שֵׁנִי֙second

    sheniH8145 →156 times

  • דָּנִיֵּ֔אלDaniel

    daniyelH1840 →

  • לַאֲבִיגַ֖יִלto Abigail

    laavigayilH26 →17 times

  • הַֽכַּרְמְלִֽית׃the Carmelite [woman]

    hakarmelitH3761 →

A shaded row is a word that stands 400 times or fewer in the Bible.

Related verses

9 in all, six open

The number beside each verse is how many compiled reference works tie it to this one. The strongest six stand open.

2 Samuel 3:2–5And sons were born to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon, by Ahinoam of Jezreel;4 worksJoshua 15:56Jezreel, Jokdeam, Zanoah,3 works2 Samuel 3:3his second was Chileab, by Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; his third was Absalom, the son of Maacah daughter of King Talmai of Geshur;3 works1 Samuel 27:3David and his men settled in Gath with Achish. Each man had his family with him, and David had his two wives: Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail of Carmel, the widow of Nabal.2 works2 Samuel 13:1After some time, David’s son Amnon fell in love with Tamar, the beautiful sister of David’s son Absalom.2 works2 Samuel 13:29So Absalom’s young men did to Amnon just as Absalom had ordered. Then all the other sons of the king got up, and each one fled on his mule.2 works
The other 3 cross-references, with their words ▾
1 Samuel 25:39–43On hearing that Nabal was dead, David said, “Blessed be the LORD, who has upheld my cause against the reproach of Nabal and has restrained His servant from evil. For the LORD has brought the wickedness of Nabal down upon his own head.” Then David sent word to Abigail, asking for her in marriage.2 worksEzra 8:2from the descendants of Phinehas, Gershom; from the descendants of Ithamar, Daniel;2 worksGenesis 46:12The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah; but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan. The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.2 works

The walk

8 stops

Each card is a verse this one points to, and under it the verses that one points to in turn. Where several paths arrive at the same place, that place is listed first: the text keeps returning to it.

  • Through

    2 Samuel 13:1

    After some time, David’s son Amnon fell in love with Tamar, the beautiful sister of David’s son Absalom.

    it leads to

    • 1 Chronicles 3:9

      These were all the sons of David, besides the sons by his concubines. And Tamar was their sister.

    • 2 Samuel 3:2–3

      And sons were born to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon, by Ahinoam of Jezreel;

    • 1 Chronicles 3:2

      the third was Absalom the son of Maacah daughter of King Talmai of Geshur; the fourth was Adonijah the son of Haggith;

    • 2 Samuel 14:27

      Three sons were born to Absalom, and a daughter named Tamar, who was a beautiful woman.

    • 2 Samuel 13:15

      Then Amnon hated Tamar with such intensity that his hatred was greater than the love he previously had. “Get up!” he said to her. “Be gone!”

  • Through

    1 Samuel 27:3

    David and his men settled in Gath with Achish. Each man had his family with him, and David had his two wives: Ahinoam of Jezreel and Abigail of Carmel, the widow of Nabal.

    it leads to

    • 1 Samuel 25:42–43

      So Abigail hurried and got on a donkey, and attended by five of her maidens, she followed David’s messengers and became his wife.

  • Through

    2 Samuel 13:29

    So Absalom’s young men did to Amnon just as Absalom had ordered. Then all the other sons of the king got up, and each one fled on his mule.

    it leads to

    • 2 Samuel 18:9

      Now Absalom was riding on his mule when he met the servants of David, and as the mule went under the thick branches of a large oak, Absalom’s head was caught fast in the…

    • 1 Kings 1:33

      “Take my servants with you,” said the king. “Set my son Solomon on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.

About 1 Chronicles

Cedars Are Cut Down for the Jerusalem Temple, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
Cedars Are Cut Down for the Jerusalem Temple, Gustave Doré, 1866. Public domain.
1 Chronicles: the study guide →Read 1 Chronicles 3 →

Who and where

5 names in this verse with a page on the site.

This page draws on Adam Clarke, Commentary on the Bible; Albert Barnes, Notes, Explanatory and Practical, on the Old and New Testaments (1832-1869); Jamieson Fausset and Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible; John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament (1748-1763) and John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament.

Read on in 1 Chronicles 3 →