
539–538 BC
The Cyrus Cylinder
British Museum, London · Babylon, 1879
Cyrus of Persia, in his own words, returning deported peoples to their cities and rebuilding their sanctuaries — the policy Ezra 1 says reached Judah, recorded by the king who set it.
The exact reading
The cylinder never names Judah, Jerusalem, or the temple. It is a Babylonian foundation text; it establishes the policy, not the specific decree.

