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Hebrew verb · H6148

עָרַב

arabaw-rab'

to pledge

22 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: ʻârab

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H6148is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 10 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 19
    spellings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H6148

to braid, i.e. intermix; technically, to traffic (as if by barter); also or give to be security (as a kind of exchange)

The King James renders it: engage, (inter-) meddle (with), mingle (self), mortgage, occupy, give pledges, be(-come, put in) surety, undertake.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

arab is rendered "to pledge". It stands 22 times in the Hebrew text, across ten books.

  • Nine of the uses stand in Proverbs, more than in any other book.
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 43:9I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life.
  • The Greek text spells it nineteen different ways.

The first use

I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life.

Genesis 43:9אֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּ

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

Nine of the word's twenty-two uses are in Proverbs.

The other 29 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • he stands surety for2
  • he stood surety for2
  • make a wager2
  • stand surety for me2
  • among the stand surety for1
  • and they have mixed themselves1
  • and they mixed themselves1
  • and traders of1
  • has he pledged1
  • he shares1
  • I will stand surety for him1
  • mortgaging1

and 6 more, 22 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

עָרַךְarakto arrangeUses74
עָרַץaratsto trembleUses15
עָרַםarambe shrewdUses6
עָרַףaraphto break the neckUses6
עָרַבarabto grow darkUses3
עָרַגaragto long forUses3
עָרַףaraphto dropUses2
עָרַקaraqto gnawUses2
עָרַםaramto pile upUses1

Other numbers on this spelling

Strong gave these words the same spelling and different numbers, so the site counts and defines them apart.

All 22, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

19 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • עָ֣רַב3
  • הִתְעָ֣רֶב2
  • אֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּ1
  • בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗ים1
  • וְהִתְעָֽרְבוּ֙1
  • וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ1
  • וְֽעֹרְבֵ֣י1
  • יִתְעָ֥רַב1
  • לַעֲרֹ֖ב1
  • עֲרֹ֣ב1
  • עָרַ֣ב1
  • עָרַ֧ב1

and 7 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • verb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singular5HVqp3ms
  • verb · reflexive (hithpael), command · 2nd person masculine singular2HVtv2ms
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)1HC/Vqrmpc
  • Hc/Vtq3cp1Hc/Vtq3cp
  • Hc/Vtw3mp1Hc/Vtw3mp
  • preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)1HR/Vqcc
  • preposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural1HRd/Vqrmpa
  • verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singular1HVqcc/Sp1bs
  • verb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common singular + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singular1HVqi1cs/Sp3ms
  • verb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singular1HVqp2ms
  • verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural1HVqrmpa
  • verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singular1HVqrmsa

Genesis

two uses
  • I will guarantee his safety. You may hold me personally responsible. If I do not bring him back and set him before you, then may I bear the guilt before you all my life.

    Genesis 43:9

    • אֶֽעֶרְבֶ֔נּוּʾeervenuverb · simple (qal), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common singular + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: I will stand surety for him
  • Indeed, your servant guaranteed the boy’s safety to my father, saying, ‘If I do not return him to you, I will bear the guilt before you, my father, all my life.’

    Genesis 44:32

    • עָרַ֣בʾaravverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he stood surety for

2 Kings

one use
  • Now, therefore, make a bargain with my master, the king of Assyria. I will give you two thousand horses—if you can put riders on them!

    2 Kings 18:23

    • הִתְעָ֣רֶבhitarevverb · reflexive (hithpael), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: make a wager

Ezra

one use
  • Indeed, the Israelites have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, so that the holy seed has been mixed with the people of the land. And the leaders and officials have taken the lead in this unfaithfulness!”

    Ezra 9:2

    • וְהִתְעָֽרְבוּ֙vehitarevuHc/Vtq3cptagged: and they have mixed themselves

Nehemiah

one use
  • Others were saying, “We are mortgaging our fields, our vineyards, and our homes to get grain during the famine.”

    Nehemiah 5:3

    • עֹרְבִ֑יםʾorevimverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: mortgaging

Job

one use
  • Give me, I pray, the pledge You demand. Who else will be my guarantor?

    Job 17:3

    • עָרְבֵ֣נִיʾareveniverb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”) + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: stand surety for me

Psalms

two uses
  • but they mingled with the nations and adopted their customs.

    Psalms 106:35

    • וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּvaiyitarevuHc/Vtw3mptagged: and they mixed themselves
  • Ensure Your servant’s well-being; do not let the arrogant oppress me.

    Psalms 119:122

    • עֲרֹ֣בaroverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: stand surety for

Proverbs

nine uses
  • My son, if you have put up security for your neighbor, if you have struck hands in pledge with a stranger,

    Proverbs 6:1

    • עָרַ֣בְתָּʾaravtaverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you have stood surety
  • He who puts up security for a stranger will surely suffer, but the one who hates indebtedness is secure.

    Proverbs 11:15

    • עָ֣רַבʾaravverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he stood surety for
  • The heart knows its own bitterness, and no stranger shares in its joy.

    Proverbs 14:10

    • יִתְעָ֥רַבyitaravverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he shares
  • A man lacking judgment strikes hands in pledge and puts up security for his neighbor.

    Proverbs 17:18

    • עֹרֵ֥בʾorevverb · simple (qal), participle · masculine singulartagged: pledging
  • Take the garment of the one who posts security for a stranger; get collateral if it is for a foreigner.

    Proverbs 20:16

    • עָ֣רַבʾaravverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he stands surety for
  • He who reveals secrets is a constant gossip; avoid the one who babbles with his lips.

    Proverbs 20:19

    • תִתְעָרָֽב׃titaravverb · reflexive (hithpael), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you will get involved
  • Do not be one who gives pledges, who puts up security for debts.

    Proverbs 22:26

    • בַּ֝עֹרְבִ֗יםbaorevimpreposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine pluraltagged: among the stand surety for
  • My son, fear the LORD and the king, and do not associate with the rebellious.

    Proverbs 24:21

    • תִּתְעָרָֽב׃titaravverb · reflexive (hithpael), jussive (“let him”) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you get involved
  • Take the garment of him who posts security for a stranger; get collateral if it is for a foreigner.

    Proverbs 27:13

    • עָ֣רַבʾaravverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he stands surety for

Isaiah

two uses
  • Now, therefore, make a bargain with my master, the king of Assyria. I will give you two thousand horses—if you can put riders on them!

    Isaiah 36:8

    • הִתְעָ֣רֶבhitarevverb · reflexive (hithpael), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: make a wager
  • I chirp like a swallow or crane; I moan like a dove. My eyes grow weak as I look upward. O Lord, I am oppressed; be my security.”

    Isaiah 38:14

    • עָרְבֵֽנִי׃ʾareveniverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: stand surety for me

Jeremiah

one use
  • Their leader will be one of their own, and their ruler will arise from their midst. And I will bring him near, and he will approach Me, for who would dare on his own to approach Me?” declares the LORD.

    Jeremiah 30:21

    • עָרַ֧בʾaravverb · simple (qal), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: has he pledged

Ezekiel

two uses
  • The elders of Gebal were aboard as shipwrights, repairing your leaks. All the ships of the sea and their sailors came alongside to barter for your merchandise.

    Ezekiel 27:9

    • לַעֲרֹ֖בlaaropreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to trade
  • Your wealth, wares, and merchandise, your sailors, captains, and shipwrights, your merchants and all the warriors within you, with all the other people on board, will sink into the heart of the sea on the day of your downfall.

    Ezekiel 27:27

    • וְֽעֹרְבֵ֣יveoreveiconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle · masculine plural · in construct (“…of”)tagged: and traders of

The letters

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →