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Scripture: The text alone. Study: The verses explained. Original: The Hebrew and Greek, and the tradition.

Psalm 28

9 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →

Key verse

Unto thee will I cry, O Lord my rock; be not silent to me: lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit.

The chapter

Chapter summary

'Unto thee, O Jehovah, will I call: my rock, be not thou deaf unto me', lest silence make him like them that go down into the pit. He lifts hands toward the holy oracle, asks not to be drawn away with the wicked who regard not the works of Jehovah. Then the answer: 'Blessed be Jehovah, because he hath heard… Jehovah is my strength and my shield; my heart hath trusted in him, and I am helped.' He is a stronghold to his anointed. 'Save thy people, and bless thine inheritance: be their shepherd also.'

Context

Poetry · David, Asaph, Sons of Korah, others · Psalms overview

Where the chapter sits

Psalms 28 falls in Book I: Davidic core (chapters 1–41). Ps 1 (Torah-delight) + Ps 2 (messianic enthronement) as intentional introduction; Davidic dominance; Torah-praise Psalms 1 and 19; six penitential / lament clusters. Doxology at 41:13.

After it: Book II: Davidic + Korahite, chapters 42–72.

The whole shape of Psalms

The world behind this chapter

Psalms 28
When
The reign of David · c. 1010-970 BC by the superscription
Where
A worshiper at the sanctuary, hands raised toward the most holy place
Who first heard it
Israelites who prayed facing the place where God had put his name

The history

"When I lift up my hands toward thy holy oracle" names a direction and a posture. The oracle is the innermost room, the most holy place where the ark stood, and Israelites prayed facing it. Raised open hands were the standard prayer position across the ancient Near East; it is the gesture carved on reliefs from Egypt to Mesopotamia, and it means both appeal and empty-handedness.

The rest of the history, and what it meant to them

"Lest, if thou be silent to me, I become like them that go down into the pit" uses the word for a cistern or shaft. Judean towns cut bottle-shaped cisterns into the limestone to store winter rain, and empty ones doubled as prisons, Joseph was thrown into one, and so was Jeremiah, who sank into the mud at the bottom. A pit was a place you could not climb out of by yourself.

"Which speak peace to their neighbours, but mischief is in their hearts" describes the greeting of the marketplace. Shalom was the ordinary word of welcome and of settled dealings; men who used it while planning harm were poisoning the one currency village life ran on.

The psalm closes with the Lord as "the saving strength of his anointed" and asks him to "feed them also, and lift them up for ever", shepherd language applied to the nation, the same picture Psalm 23 puts on one man.

What it meant to them

For first hearers this was a prayer about the terror of God's silence, which the psalm treats as worse than the enemies.

The turn comes in one line, "Blessed be the Lord, because he hath heard the voice of my supplications", and everything after it is thanksgiving that has not yet seen the outcome.

Sources cited

  • Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 28
  • Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions

Every work MannaFest builds on →

A. Verses 1 to 9

1. (vv. 1-2)

a.David calls on the LORD as his Rock and asks him not to stay silent. If God is silent, David is like those descending to the Pit, already counted among the dead. He lifts his hands toward the holy sanctuary.

Psalms 28:1, 4 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.

Psalms 28:1

Frequently, in Scripture, the righteous are said to have called out to God. Each one tries to beseech God with a cry, and I may say with an unusual cry. He goes to his bedroom closet, locks the door and calls out to God: "Do not be silent before me." It was written of Moses, Aaron and Joshua the son of Nun. Indeed, they were the worthy ones to whom God spoke. He spoke through the prophets whenever the people stood before God.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 28:1patristic

Psalms 28:1

Unto thee, O Jehovah! will I cry. The Psalmist begins by declaring that he would betake himself to the help of God alone, which shows both his faith and his sincerity.

John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed

Psalms 28:1

Unto thee will I cry, O Lord, my rock. A cry is the natural expression of sorrow, and is a suitable utterance when all other modes of appeal fail us; but the cry must be alone directed to the Lord, for to cry to man is to waste our entreaties upon the air.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:1-2

That was a type of Christ, and it is to him that we must lift up our eyes and hands, for through him all good comes from God to us. It was also a figure of heaven ( Heb. ix. 24 ); and from God as our Father in heaven we are taught to expect an answer to our prayers.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 28:2, 2 voices

Psalms 28:2

Often, we communicate by the lifting of hands, as when Moses' arms were lifted up and Israel was victorious. When his hands were down, the Amalekites won.… Our hands are our deeds of piety. If we store treasures in heaven, we have hands lifted to God and overcome the enemy. When, therefore, I raise my hands to God, I lift my spirit to him through my uplifted hands. Amalek is conquered by me. So, it is needful to lift your hands to God. The temple of God is his glory.

Origen of Alexandria· written before 253· SELECTIONS FROM THE PSALMS 28:2patristic

Psalms 28:2

Hear the voice of my prayers when I cry to thee. This repetition is a sign of a heart in anguish. David's ardor and vehemence in prayer are also intimated by the noun signifying voice, and the verb signifying to cry.

John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed

2. (vv. 3-5)

a.The wicked here speak peace and hide malice. David asks God to repay them for their deeds and give back what they have earned. Verse 5 gives the ground, that they disregard what God has done, and He tears them down for good.

Psalms 28:3, 1 voice

Psalms 28:3

Draw me not away with the wicked. They shall be dragged off to hell like felons of old drawn on a hurdle to Tyburn, like logs drawn to the fire, like fagots to the oven. David fears lest he should be bound up in their bundle, drawn to their doom; and the fear is an appropriate one for every godly man. The best of the wicked are dangerous company in time, and would make terrible companions for eternity; we must avoid them in their pleasures, if we would not be confounded with them in their miseries.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:4, 3 voices

Psalms 28:4

Because they do not understand through blessings, they will understand through suffering.

Jerome· written before 420· BRIEF COMMENTARY ON PSALM 28patristic

Psalms 28:4

When we view the wicked simply as such, and not as our fellow men, our indignation against sin leads us entirely to coincide with the acts of divine justice which punish evil, and to wish that justice might use her power to restrain by her terrors the cruel and unjust; but still the desires of the present verse, as our version renders it, are not readily made consistent with the spirit of the Christian dispensation, which seeks rather the reformation than the punishment of sinners.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:4

"Lord, they think all well that they do, and justify themselves in their wicked practices. Lord, give them after the work of their hands, and so undeceive those about them, who think there is no harm in what they do because it goes unpunished," Ps. xciv. This prayer is a prophecy that God will, sooner or later, render to all impenitent sinners according to their deserts.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 28:5, 2 voices

Psalms 28:5

Because they regard not the works of the Lord, nor the operation of his hands. God works in creation—nature teems with proofs of his wisdom and goodness, yet purblind atheists refuse to see him: he works in providence, ruling and overruling, and his hand is very manifest in human history, yet the infidel will not discern him: he works in grace—remarkable conversions are still met with on all hands, yet the ungodly refuse to see the operations of the Lord. Where angels wonder, carnal men despise. God condescends to teach, and man refuses to learn.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:5

Disregard of God's judgments brings a righteous punishment. destroy . . . build . . . up--The positive strengthened by the negative form.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed

3. (vv. 6-7)

a.Blessed be the Lord: The psalm turns to praise: the LORD has heard the cry for mercy. Shield is a soldier's word, and the strength beside it is what holds him up. His heart trusts, he is helped, and the song follows.

Psalms 28:6, 2 voices

Psalms 28:6

Blessed be the Lord. Saints are full of benedictions; they are a blessed people, and a blessing people; but they give their best blessings, the fat of their sacrifices, to their glorious Lord. Our Psalm was prayer up to this point, and now it turns to praise.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:6

Those that pray in faith may rejoice in hope. "He hath heard me (graciously accepted me) and I am as sure of a real answer as if I had it already." 2. What we win by prayer we must wear by praise.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 28:7, 1 voice

Psalms 28:7

Here is David's declaration and confession of faith, coupled with a testimony from his experience. The Lord is my strength. The Lord employs his power on our behalf, and moreover, infuses strength into us in our weakness. The psalmist, by an act of appropriating faith, takes the omnipotence of Jehovah to be his own. Dependence upon the invisible God gives great independence of spirit, inspiring us with confidence more than human. And my shield. Thus David found both sword and shield in his God.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

1 more voice on this verse

4. (vv. 8-9)

a.The psalm widens from David to the nation. His anointed is the king himself, mashiach in Hebrew, the word that later carries the title Messiah. The closing prayer asks four things, save, bless, shepherd and carry them forever.

Psalms 28:8, 3 voices

Psalms 28:8

Whoever is baptized in Christ is his anointed.

Jerome· written before 420· BRIEF COMMENTARY ON PSALM 28patristic

Psalms 28:8

The Lord is their strength. The heavenly experience of one believer is a pattern of the life of all. To all the militant church, without exception, Jehovah is the same as he was to his servant David, "the least of them shall be as David." They need the same aid and they shall have it, for they are loved with the same love, written in the same book of life, and one with the same anointed Head. And he is the saving strength of his anointed.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:8

God, in strengthening him that was their king and fought their battles, strengthened the whole kingdom. He calls himself God's anointed because it was the unction he had received that exposed him to the envy of his enemies, and therefore entitled him to the divine protection. Of Christ, his anointed, his Messiah, in the anti-type.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 28:9, 3 voices

Psalms 28:9

This is a prayer for the church militant, written in short words, but full of weighty meaning. We must pray for the whole church, and not for ourselves alone. Save thy people. Deliver them from their enemies, preserve them from their sins, succour them under their troubles, rescue them from their temptations, and ward off from them every ill. There is a plea hidden in the expression, "thy people:" for it may be safely concluded that God's interest in the church, as his own portion, will lead him to guard it from destruction. Bless thine inheritance.

Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 2 (1870)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical

Psalms 28:9

Some think he was now in trouble seeking God, but at the same time preparing to praise him for his deliverance, and by faith giving him thanks for it, before it was wrought. Others think he was now in triumph, but remembered, and recorded for his own and others' benefit, the prayers he made when he was in affliction, that the mercy might relish the better, when it appeared to be an answer to them.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

Psalms 28:9

"Lift them up into thy glorious kingdom, lift them up as high as heaven." There, and there only, will the saints be lifted up for ever, never more to sink or be depressed. Observe, Those, and those only, whom God feeds and rules, who are willing to be taught, and guided, and governed, by him, shall be saved, and blessed, and lifted up for ever.

Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan

The text of this chapter

This page carries no textual note on Psalms 28. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →

This page draws on 9 works. Open for the list.

This page draws on Albert Barnes, Notes on the Book of Psalms; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); Jerome, BRIEF COMMENTARY ON PSALM 28; John Calvin, Commentaries (1554); John Gill, Exposition of the Old Testament; Matthew Henry and Origen of Alexandria.

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