Word Study · Strong's H6884 · Hebrew
צָרַף
tsaraph
tsaw-raf'
Strong's 1890 spelling: tsâraph
“to fuse (metal), i.e. refine (literally or figuratively)”
Strong's Dictionary · 1890 · public domain
to fuse (metal), i.e. refine (literally or figuratively)
Rendered in the KJV as
cast, (re-) fine(-er), founder, goldsmith, melt, pure, purge away, try.
- 33occurrencesin the Old Testament
- 10 of 39Old Testament bookswhere the word stands
- 32inflected formsdistinct spellings
Across 33 occurrences
The word itself
Inflected forms · 32
- צְרוּפָ֑ה2
- הַצֹּרְפִ֖ים1
- וְאֶצְרֹ֥ף1
- וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּ1
- וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙1
- וְצֹרֵ֖ף1
- וּצְרַפְתִּים֙1
- כִּצְרֹ֣ף1
- כִּצְרָף־1
- לַצּוֹרֵ֗ף1
- לִצְר֥וֹף1
- לַצֹּרֵ֣ף1
and 20 more spellings in the ledger below.
How it is rendered · 28
- [is] refined3
- a metalsmith3
- metalsmith2
- [am] about to refine them1
- [has been] refined1
- [is] refining1
- [one who] refines1
- a refiner1
- and a metalsmith1
- and I will refine them1
- as refine1
- as refines1
The sense the word carries at each spot — how the translators read it there, not a fixed translation.
How it parses · 21
- verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular6
- verb · simple (qal), passive participle · feminine singular4
- preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)3
- preposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular2
- verb · intensive (piel), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular2
- HC/VNu3mp1
- Hc/Vqq1cs/Sp3mp1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular1
- HC/Vqu1cs1
- HC/Vqu1cs/Sp3ms1
- the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine plural1
- verb · simple (qal), infinitive absolute1
Show the grammar codes as tagged
- HVqrmsa · 6
- HVqsfsa · 4
- HR/Vqcc · 3
- HRd/Vqrmsa · 2
- HVprmsa · 2
- HC/VNu3mp · 1
- Hc/Vqq1cs/Sp3mp · 1
- HC/Vqrmsa · 1
- HC/Vqu1cs · 1
- HC/Vqu1cs/Sp3ms · 1
- HTd/Vqrmpa · 1
- HVqaa · 1
All 33, in canonical order
The ledger of occurrences
Where this word lives
Psalms carries the most and opens below; every other book is one click.
Judges2 occurrences
- Judges 7:4וְאֶצְרְפֶ֥נּוּveetzrefenuHC/Vqu1cs/Sp3msThen the LORD said to Gideon, “There are still too many people. Take them down to the water, and I will sift them for you there. If I say to you, ‘This one shall go with you,’ he shall go. But if I say, ‘This one shall not go with you,’ he shall not go.”here: so I may test it
- Judges 17:4לַצּוֹרֵ֗ףlatzorefpreposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularSo he returned the silver to his mother, and she took two hundred shekels of silver and gave them to a silversmith, who made them into a graven image and a molten idol. And they were placed in the house of Micah.here: to the silversmith
Nehemiah2 occurrences
- Nehemiah 3:8צֽוֹרְפִ֔ים סtzorfimverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine pluralNext to them, Uzziel son of Harhaiah, one of the goldsmiths, made repairs, and next to him, Hananiah son of the perfumer made repairs. They fortified Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.here: goldsmiths
- Nehemiah 3:32הַצֹּרְפִ֖יםhatzorefimthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine pluralAnd between the upper room above the corner and the Sheep Gate, the goldsmiths and merchants made repairs.here: the goldsmiths
Psalms8 occurrences
- Psalms 12:6צָ֭רוּףtzarufverb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularThe words of the LORD are flawless, like silver refined in a furnace, like gold purified sevenfold.here: refined
- Psalms 17:3צְרַפְתַּ֥נִיtzeraftaniverb · simple (qal), completed action · 2nd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singularYou have tried my heart; You have visited me in the night. You have tested me and found no evil; I have resolved not to sin with my mouth.here: you have tested me
- Psalms 18:30צְרוּפָ֑הtzerufahverb · simple (qal), passive participle · feminine singularAs for God, His way is perfect; the word of the LORD is flawless. He is a shield to all who take refuge in Him.here: [is] refined
- Psalms 26:2צָרְפָ֖הtzarefahverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singular + paragogic heTest me, O LORD, and try me; examine my heart and mind.here: test !
- Psalms 66:10צְ֝רַפְתָּ֗נוּtzeraftanuverb · simple (qal), completed action · 2nd person masculine singular + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine pluralFor You, O God, have tested us; You have refined us like silver.here: you have refined us
- Psalms 66:10כִּצְרָף־kitzrof-preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)For You, O God, have tested us; You have refined us like silver.here: as refine
- Psalms 105:19צְרָפָֽתְהוּ׃tzerafatehuverb · simple (qal), completed action · 3rd person feminine singular + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine singularuntil his prediction came true and the word of the LORD proved him right.here: it tested him
- Psalms 119:140צְרוּפָ֖הtzerufahverb · simple (qal), passive participle · feminine singularYour promise is completely pure; therefore Your servant loves it.here: [has been] refined
Proverbs2 occurrences
- Proverbs 25:4לַצֹּרֵ֣ףlatzorefpreposition with the article + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularRemove the dross from the silver, and a vessel for a silversmith will come forth.here: for the metalsmith
- Proverbs 30:5צְרוּפָ֑הtzerufahverb · simple (qal), passive participle · feminine singularEvery word of God is flawless; He is a shield to those who take refuge in Him.here: [is] refined
Isaiah6 occurrences
- Isaiah 1:25וְאֶצְרֹ֥ףveetzrofHC/Vqu1csI will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities.here: so I may refine
- Isaiah 40:19וְצֹרֵ֖ףvetzorefconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularTo an idol that a craftsman casts and a metalworker overlays with gold and fits with silver chains?here: and a metalsmith
- Isaiah 40:19צוֹרֵֽף׃tzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularTo an idol that a craftsman casts and a metalworker overlays with gold and fits with silver chains?here: [is] refining
- Isaiah 41:7צֹרֵ֔ףtzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularThe craftsman encourages the goldsmith, and he who wields the hammer cheers him who strikes the anvil, saying of the welding, “It is good.” He nails it down so it will not be toppled.here: a metalsmith
- Isaiah 46:6צוֹרֵף֙tzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularThey pour out their bags of gold and weigh out silver on scales; they hire a goldsmith to fashion it into a god, so they can bow down and worship.here: a metalsmith
- Isaiah 48:10צְרַפְתִּ֖יךָtzeraftikhaverb · simple (qal), completed action · 1st person common singular + pronoun suffix · 2nd person masculine singularSee, I have refined you, but not as silver; I have tested you in the furnace of affliction.here: I have refined you
Jeremiah6 occurrences
- Jeremiah 6:29צָרַ֣ףtzarafverb · simple (qal), completed action · 3rd person masculine singularThe bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged.here: someone has refined
- Jeremiah 6:29צָר֔וֹףtzarofverb · simple (qal), infinitive absoluteThe bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged.here: steadfastly to refine
- Jeremiah 9:7צוֹרְפָ֖םtzorfamverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular · in construct (“…of”) + pronoun suffix · 3rd person masculine pluralTherefore this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Behold, I will refine them and test them, for what else can I do because of the daughter of My people?here: [am] about to refine them
- Jeremiah 10:9צוֹרֵ֑ףtzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularHammered silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz— the work of a craftsman from the hands of a goldsmith. Their clothes are blue and purple, all fashioned by skilled workers.here: a metalsmith
- Jeremiah 10:14צוֹרֵ֖ףtzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularEvery man is senseless and devoid of knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols. For his molten images are a fraud, and there is no breath in them.here: metalsmith
- Jeremiah 51:17צֹרֵ֖ףtzorefverb · simple (qal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularEvery man is senseless and devoid of knowledge; every goldsmith is put to shame by his idols. For his molten images are a fraud, and there is no breath in them.here: metalsmith
Daniel2 occurrences
- Daniel 11:35לִצְר֥וֹףlitzrofpreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)Some of the wise will fall, so that they may be refined, purified, and made spotless until the time of the end, for it will still come at the appointed time.here: to refine
- Daniel 12:10וְיִצָּֽרְפוּ֙veyitzarefuHC/VNu3mpMany will be purified, made spotless, and refined, but the wicked will continue to act wickedly. None of the wicked will understand, but the wise will understand.here: so they may be refined
Zechariah2 occurrences
- Zechariah 13:9וּצְרַפְתִּים֙utzeraftimHc/Vqq1cs/Sp3mpThis third I will bring through the fire;I will refine them like silverand test them like gold.They will call on My name,and I will answer them.I will say, ‘They are My people,’and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’”here: and I will refine them
- Zechariah 13:9כִּצְרֹ֣ףkitzrofpreposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)This third I will bring through the fire;I will refine them like silverand test them like gold.They will call on My name,and I will answer them.I will say, ‘They are My people,’and they will say, ‘The LORD is our God.’”here: as refines
Malachi2 occurrences
- Malachi 3:2מְצָרֵ֔ףmetzarefverb · intensive (piel), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularBut who can endure the day of His coming? And who can stand when He appears? For He will be like a refiner’s fire, like a launderer’s soap.here: a refiner
- Malachi 3:3מְצָרֵ֤ףmetzarefverb · intensive (piel), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularAnd He will sit as a refiner and purifier of silver; He will purify the sons of Levi and refine them like gold and silver. Then they will present offerings to the LORD in righteousness.here: [one who] refines