| Athenagoras, A Plea for the Christians 24-25 (ANF vol 2) | c. 177 | PD |
| Augustine, City of God 15.23 (NPNF) — the Sethite reading | c. 426 / 1887 tr. | PD |
| Augustine of Hippo, City of God 16.29; On the Trinity 2-3 (theophanies by CREATED angels — the patristic caution) | c. 417 | PD (NPNF translation) |
| Augustine of Hippo, City of God XV.23, XVI.4, XXII.30 (NPNF ser. 1 vol 2) | c. 413-426 | PD |
| Augustine of Hippo, Homilies (Tractates) on the Gospel of John I, IX.10, XV, CXX.2 (NPNF ser. 1 vol 7) | c. 407-417 | PD |
| Babylonian Talmud, Berakhot 4b (homily on the omitted nun; Amos 5:2 / noflim v14) | c. 500 | PD (text); Sefaria markup CC (reference) |
| Babylonian Talmud / Genesis Rabbah (via Sefaria), b. Nedarim 32a; Genesis Rabbah 43:2 (Eliezer = 318); Baraita of 32 Rules (gematria as a middah) | c. 3rd-6th c. AD | Primary text PD; Sefaria digital layer open (CC0/CC BY, verify per text) |
| Basil of Caesarea, Hexaemeron, Homily II (NPNF ser. 2 vol 8) | c. 378 | PD |
| Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 12 (Rahab's scarlet cord) | c. 96 | public domain |
| Clement of Rome (attrib.), 1 Clement 12:7-8 (Rahab's scarlet cord = redemption through the blood of the Lord) | c. 95 | Public domain |
| Cornelius Tacitus, Annals 15.44 (Church & Brodribb trans.) | c. AD 116 / trans. 1876 | PD |
| Cyprian of Carthage, Epistle 62.3 (to Caecilius); Epistle 74/75 (ANF vol 5) | c. 250-256 | PD |
| Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q252, 4Q174 Florilegium, 4Q175 Testimonia), Second Temple messianic reading of Gen 49:10, 2 Sam 7, Num 24:17 | c. 1st c. BC | Hebrew PD; modern translations copyright - cite-only |
| Epistle of Barnabas, ch. 15 (ANF vol 1) | c. 70-132 | PD |
| Epistle of Barnabas (anonymous), Epistle of Barnabas 9:7-8 (Lightfoot / Kirsopp Lake translations) | c. AD 70-130 | Public domain -- earliest Christian gematria (318 = TIH = Jesus + cross) |
| Eusebius of Caesarea, Church History I.2; Demonstratio Evangelica I.5 | c. 320 | PD |
| Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 18.3.3, 18.5.2, 19.8.2, 20.9.1, 20.5.1 (Whiston trans.) | c. AD 93 / trans. 1737 | PD |
| Flavius Josephus (William Whiston, tr.), Antiquities of the Jews 1.2.3 (pillars of Seth) | 1st c.; tr. 1737 | Public domain |
| Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies | c. 180 | Public domain |
| Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies 5.21.1 (protoevangelium exposition) | c. 180 AD | PD (ANF) |
| Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies 5.30.1 (Ante-Nicene Fathers Vol.1) | c. AD 180 | Public domain -- earliest witness that 616 was a known variant |
| Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III.22-23, IV.18, IV.20, IV.36, IV.40, V.5-7, V.12, V.16, V.19, V.21 (ANF vol 1) | c. 180 | PD |
| Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies IV.10.1; Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 44-46 | c. 180 | PD |
| John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of John 85 (NPNF ser. 1 vol 14); Homilies on Genesis 22 | c. 391 | PD |
| Julius Africanus (in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History I.7), Epistle to Aristides (levirate resolution of the two genealogies) | c. 225 (NPNF trans. 1890) | Public Domain |
| Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 102 (head/heel, Gen 3:15) | c. 160 AD | PD (ANF) |
| Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 56-60, 127-128 (the 'another God and Lord'; Gen 18-19; the bush) | c. 160 | PD (ANF/Schaff 1885 translation) |
| Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 62, 91, 94, 100, 103, 138; Second Apology 5 (ANF vol 1) | c. 155-160 | PD (ANF vol 1 fully PD) |
| Lucius Columella, De Re Rustica 5.9 (ancient grafting practice) | c.60 | Public Domain (older translations) |
| Midrash (amoraic compilation), Genesis Rabbah (Bereishit Rabbah) | c. 400-450 | Sefaria English CC-BY (2022) / CC0 community / Hebrew Public Domain (Daat) |
| Mishnah, Sukkah 4 (Feast of Tabernacles water-libation ceremony) | c. 200 CE | PD text (Sefaria) |
| Novatian, On the Trinity 18-19, 25-28 | c. 250 | PD |
| Origen, Against Celsus (ANF vol 4); De Principiis IV | c. 248 | PD |
| Origen, Commentary and Homilies on the Song of Songs (the Bride as the Church and the soul, the Bridegroom as the Word) - founded the Christian allegory | c. 240 AD | PD (ANF fragments); R.P. Lawson ACW 1957 tr. copyright - cite-only |
| Origen, Commentary on the Gospel of John, Book I (ANF vol 9) | c. 231 | PD (1885 translation) |
| Philo of Alexandria, On the Embassy to Gaius (Legatio ad Gaium) 299-305 (Yonge trans.) | c. AD 41 / trans. 1854 | PD |
| Pliny the Younger, Letters 10.96-97 (Melmoth trans.) | c. AD 112 / trans. 1746 | PD |
| Rabbi Akiva (Mishnah Yadayim 3:5), 'The whole world is not worth the day on which the Song of Songs was given to Israel... the Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies' - canonization datum, allegorical tradition's hinge | c. 2nd c. AD; Danby tr. 1933 | Hebrew PD; Danby English PD; Sefaria English possibly CC BY-NC (cite-only) |
| Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars: Nero 16.2, Claudius 25.4 (Rolfe trans.) | c. AD 121 / trans. 1914 | PD |
| Talmud Bavli (William Davidson ed., Sefaria), Bava Batra 14b-15a (canonical-order baraita ending the Writings with Chronicles) | c. 500 CE / Sefaria ed. | Aramaic PD; Davidson ET CC BY-NC (cite-only) |
| Targum Jonathan on the Prophets, Targum on Isaiah 9:6 ('the Messiah'), Isaiah 11:1 ('the Messiah shall be anointed' from Jesse), Micah 5:2 ('from you shall come forth the Messiah') | redacted c. 4th-5th c. AD | Aramaic PD; verify English (Sefaria CC BY-NC = cite-only) |
| Targum Onkelos, Aramaic Targum on the Torah | c. 2nd c. (Talmudic-era redaction) | Public Domain (Hebrew/Aramaic, toratemetfreeware version) |
| Targum Onkelos (Aramaic; Etheridge tr.), Targum on Genesis 49:10 ('until the Messiah come, whose is the kingdom') and Genesis 3:15 | c. 1st-3rd c. AD; Etheridge tr. 1862 | Aramaic PD; Etheridge English PD |
| Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, Expansive Targum on the Torah | final form 7th-8th c. | Public Domain via Etheridge 1862-65 |
| Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (Aramaic; Etheridge tr.), Targum on Numbers 24:17 ('the Messiah, the Power-sceptre of Israel') and Genesis 3:15 ('days of King Messiah') | redacted c. 4th-7th c. AD; Etheridge tr. 1862 | Aramaic PD; Etheridge English PD |
| Targum to the Song of Songs (Aramaic; Gollancz tr.), Allegory of Israel's covenant history from the Exodus through exile to the Messianic age - fountainhead of the Jewish allegory | redacted c. 7th-8th c. AD; Gollancz tr. 1908 | Aramaic PD; Gollancz English PD |
| Tertullian, Against Praxeas 14-16 (the invisible Father, the visible Son who appeared) | c. 213 | PD (ANF translation) |
| Tertullian, On Baptism 3-4, 8; Against Praxeas 5-7; On the Soul 43 (ANF vol 3) | c. 200 | PD |
| Tertullian, On the Apparel of Women 1.3 (ANF vol. 4) | c. 200 / 1885 tr. | PD |
| Tertullian, On the Apparel of Women I.2-3 (ANF vol 4) | c. 202 | PD |
| Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus II.10, II.13 (ANF vol 2) | c. 180 | PD |
| Theophilus of Antioch, To Autolycus II.22 (the Logos walking in the garden) | c. 180 | PD |