Psalm 123
4 verses · KJVPsalms book hub →
Psalms 123:1-2
Unto thee lift I up mine eyes: The Hebrew title marks this too as a Song of degrees, one of the fifteen ascent psalms, this one carrying no author's name. The eyes lifted to God who dwells in the heavens are matched by the servant's eyes fixed on a master's hand and the maiden's on her mistress, a picture of complete dependence, watching for the smallest sign of favor. Gill and the older writers take the picture as both submission and expectancy, a servant who watches for instruction and for release alike.
Psalms 123:1, 4 voicesWhat preachers and commentators have said about these verses, in their own words.
Psalms 123:1
“Unto thee lift I up mine eyes,.... Not only the eyes of his body, this being a prayer gesture; see Mat 14:19; but the eyes of his mind and understanding, opened by the Spirit of God; particularly the eye of faith, by which he looked for and expected help and salvation from the Lord.”
Psalms 123:1
“Unto thee - To God. Lift I up mine eyes - In supplication and prayer. Nature prompts us to look up when we address God, as if he dwelt above us. It is the natural prompting of the heart that he must be the most exalted of all beings, dwelling above all. See Psa 121:1. O thou that dwellest in the heavens - Whose home - whose special home - is in heaven - above the sky.”
Psalms 123:1
“My opinion, then, rather is, that this form of prayer was composed for all the godly by some Prophet, either when the Jews were captives in Babylon, or when Antiochus Epiphanes exercised towards them the most relentless cruelty.”
John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed
Psalms 123:1
“Unto thee lift I up mine eyes. It is good to have some one to look up to. The Psalmist looked so high that he could look no higher. Not to the hills, but to the God of the hills he looked. He believed in a personal God, and knew nothing of that modern pantheism which is nothing more than atheism wearing a fig leaf. The uplifted eyes naturally and instinctively represent the state of heart which fixes desire, hope, confidence, and expectation upon the Lord.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 6 (1882)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 123:2, 3 voices
Psalms 123:2
“Behold as the eyes of servants look to the hand of their masters. This similitude is very suitable to the present case. It implies that without the protection of God true believers have no comfort, are completely disarmed and exposed to all manner of wrongs, have neither strength nor courage to resist; in short, that their safety depends entirely upon aid derived from another.”
John Calvin· Commentaries (1554)reformed
Psalms 123:2
“Deference, submission, and trust, are all expressed by the figure. In the East, servants in attending on their masters are almost wholly directed by signs, which require the closest observance of the hands of the latter.”
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown· Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871)reformed
Psalms 123:2
“Our eyes wait on the Lord, the eye of desire and prayer, the begging eye, and the eye of dependence, hope, and expectation, the longing eye. Our eyes must wait upon God as the Lord, and our God, until that he have mercy upon us. We desire mercy from him, we hope he will show us mercy, and we will continue our attendance on him till the mercy come.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 123:3-4
Have mercy upon us, O Lord: The mercy asked for is repeated in the same breath, have mercy upon us, O Lord, have mercy upon us, and the bench reads the doubling as a mark of real and pressing contempt rather than formal complaint. Exceedingly filled with contempt and exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that are at ease name two sources of the pressure, the proud and the comfortable alike. Barnes notes the psalm gives no name and no occasion, so the prayer fits any season in which the faithful bear scorn from those who suffer none of their trouble.
Psalms 123:3, 2 voices
Psalms 123:3
“Have mercy upon us, O Lord, have mercy upon us. He hangs upon the word "mercy, "and embodies it in a vehement prayer: the very word seems to hold him, and he harps upon it. It is well for us to pray about everything, and turn everything into prayer; and especially when we are reminded of a great necessity we should catch at it as a keynote, and pitch our tune to it.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 6 (1882)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Psalms 123:3-4
“We find little mercy with men; their tender mercies are cruel; there are cruel mockings. But this is our comfort, that with the Lord there is mercy and we need desire no more to relieve us, and make us easy, than the mercy of God. Whatever the troubles of the church are, God's mercy is a sovereign remedy.”
Matthew Henry· Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721)puritan
Psalms 123:4, 1 voice
Psalms 123:4
“Our soul is exceedingly filled with the scorning of those that are at ease. Knowing no troubles of their own, the easy ones grow cruel and deride the people of the Lord. Having the godly already in secret contempt, they show it by openly scorning them. Note those who do this: they are not the poor, the humble, the troubled, but those who have a merry life of it, and are self content.”
Charles Spurgeon· The Treasury of David, Vol. 6 (1882)Particular (Reformed) Baptist / Five-point Calvinist / 1689 LBCF / 19th-c. evangelical
Where the chapter sits
Psalms 123 falls in Book V: Hallel and Hallelujah (chapters 107–150). Songs of Ascents (120–134); Hallel (113–118); Great Hallel (136); Torah-praise acrostic Ps 119; fivefold Hallelujah doxology (146–150) as the Psalter's close.
Before it: Book IV: YHWH reigns, chapters 90–106.
The whole shape of Psalms→Key words
The Hebrew words this chapter turns on, by how often it uses them. Each one opens its word study.
| Word | What it means | Verses |
|---|---|---|
| עַיִןʻayin4 times, as עֵינַ֑י, כְעֵינֵ֪י, כְּעֵינֵ֣י | eyes my | 1, 2 |
| חָנַןchânan3 times, as שֶׁיְּחָנֵּֽנוּ׃, חָנֵּ֣נוּ, חָנֵּ֑נוּ | that he will show favor to us | 2, 3 |
| יָדyâd2 times, as יַ֤ד, יַ֪ד | hand | 2 |
| יְהֹוָהYᵉhôvâh2 times, as יְהוָ֣ה | yahweh | 2, 3 |
| רַבrab2 times, as רַ֝֗ב, רַבַּת֮ | much | 3, 4 |
| שָׂבַעsâbaʻ2 times, as שָׂבַ֥עְנוּ, שָֽׂבְעָה־ | we have been surfeited | 3, 4 |
Cross references
The 8 chapters this one speaks with, most first. Open a row for the verses it shares.
Psalms 251 verse
Psalms 123:1, 2
Psalms 25:15Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord; for he shall pluck my feet out of the net.- Read Psalms 25 →
Psalms 1211 verse
Psalms 123:1
Psalms 121:1I will lift up mine eyes unto the hills, from whence cometh my help.- Read Psalms 121 →
Psalms 1411 verse
Psalms 123:1
Psalms 141:8But mine eyes are unto thee, O God the Lord: in thee is my trust; leave not my soul destitute.- Read Psalms 141 →
Psalms 1301 verse
Psalms 123:2
Psalms 130:5I wait for the Lord, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope.- Read Psalms 130 →
The rest of the chapters this one speaks with, 4 of them, for a reader following a thread past the four above
- Lamentations 31 verse
- Luke 181 verse
- Psalms 571 verse
- Psalms 891 verse
Cross-references from the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and OpenBible.info.
The world behind itThe place, the time and the people around this chapter, for a reader who wants the setting.
The world behind this chapter
Psalms 123The history
The picture in the middle is domestic and exact. A household servant stood at the edge of the room and watched the master's or the mistress's hand, because instructions were given by gesture rather than speech, a lifted finger to bring the basin, a turn of the hand to clear the table. The servant's whole attention was fixed on one hand.
That posture is the psalm's definition of prayer. Eyes up, waiting, ready to move, with no idea how long the wait will be.
The trouble is contempt rather than violence. Two groups are named: those who are at ease, and the proud. Comfortable people with time on their hands make the best mockers, and a struggling community is an easy target. When Nehemiah's crews were rebuilding the wall, the officials of the surrounding provinces did precisely this, stood nearby and jeered at the workmanship.
Ridicule of that kind was more than hurt feelings. In a culture built on honor and shame, being laughed at by neighboring provinces damaged a community's standing in every negotiation it had to make.
What it meant to them
Sung on the way up to the feast, this let pilgrims say the thing they were carrying: we have had more than enough of being sneered at.
The remedy asked for is not vengeance but mercy, twice. The people doing the sneering are simply left with God, while the singers keep their eyes on the hand.
Sources cited
- Walton, Matthews and Chavalas, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament
- Charles H. Spurgeon, The Treasury of David on Psalm 123
The text of this chapter
This page carries no textual note on Psalms 123. Where this site has examined a place the manuscripts differ, the examination is in the manuscripts room. Every place this site examines →
This page draws on Albert Barnes; Charles Spurgeon; Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Psalms; Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871); John Calvin, Commentaries (1554); John Gill and Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible (1707-1721).
