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Hebrew verb · H5749

עוּד

udood

to uphold; to testify

44 uses in the Hebrew text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: ʻûwd

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's H5749is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 16 of 39
    Old Testament books
  • 38
    spellings
  • 2
    meanings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · H5749

to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration); intensively, to encompass, restore (as a sort of reduplication)

The King James renders it: admonish, charge, earnestly, lift up, protest, call (take) to record, relieve, rob, solemnly, stand upright, testify, give warning, (bear, call to, give, take to) witness.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

ud is rendered "to uphold; to testify". It stands 44 times in the Hebrew text, across sixteen books.

  • Eight of the uses stand in Jeremiah, more than in any other book.
  • The lexicon lists two meanings for it, beginning with "to uphold".
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Genesis 43:3But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’
  • The Greek text spells it thirty-eight different ways.

The first use

But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’

Genesis 43:3הָעֵ֣ד

The first use, in the order of the Old Testament's books.

Where the word stands

The word stands in sixteen of the 39 Old Testament books.

The other 23 Old Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

The word carries two meanings: to uphold, and to testify.

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

The English STEP Bible gives each use, word by word, and how many times.
to upholdStrong's entry ATagged aslisted under the tableWhereGenesis 43:3But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us…
to testifyStrong's entry BTagged aslisted under the tableWherein the ledger below

How the Greek text is glossed, word by word

  • certainly to warn3
  • and cause to witness2
  • and you warned2
  • he warned2
  • I call as witnesses2
  • and did I warn1
  • and he admonished1
  • and he warned1
  • and I caused to witness1
  • and I protested1
  • and I warned1
  • and I will call as witness1

and 26 more, 44 uses in all

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

All 44, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

38 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • וְאָעִ֣ידָה4
  • הָעֵ֣ד2
  • וְהָעֵ֣ד2
  • וַתָּ֨עַד2
  • אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ1
  • הֵעִד֩1
  • הָעֵ֤ד1
  • הָעֵ֨ד1
  • הַעֵדֹ֤תָה1
  • הַעִדֹ֤תִי1
  • הַעִדֹ֜תִי1
  • הֵעִ֖יד1

and 26 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singular5HC/Vhc1cs
  • verb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singular5HVhp1cs
  • Hc/Vhw1cs3Hc/Vhw1cs
  • verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolute3HVhaa
  • verb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singular3HVhp3ms
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolute2HC/Vhaa
  • Hc/Vhw2ms2Hc/Vhw2ms
  • Hc/Vhw3ms2Hc/Vhw3ms
  • verb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singular2HVhp2ms
  • Hc/VHq3ms1Hc/VHq3ms
  • HC/Vhu3mp/Sp3ms1HC/Vhu3mp/Sp3ms
  • conjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), command · 2nd person masculine plural1HC/Vhv2mp

Genesis

two uses
  • But Judah replied, “The man solemnly warned us, ‘You will not see my face again unless your brother is with you.’

    Genesis 43:3

    • הָעֵ֣דhaedverb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolutetagged: certainly to warn
    • הֵעִד֩heidverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he warned

Exodus

three uses
  • and the LORD said to him, “Go down and warn the people not to break through to see the LORD, lest many of them perish.

    Exodus 19:21

    • הָעֵ֣דhaedverb · causative (hiphil), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: warn
  • But Moses said to the LORD, “The people cannot come up Mount Sinai, for You solemnly warned us, ‘Put a boundary around the mountain and set it apart as holy.’”

    Exodus 19:23

    • הַעֵדֹ֤תָהhaedotahverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you warned
  • But if the ox has a habit of goring, and its owner has been warned yet does not restrain it, and it kills a man or woman, then the ox must be stoned and its owner must also be put to death.

    Exodus 21:29

    • וְהוּעַ֤דvehuadHc/VHq3mstagged: and it has been protested

Deuteronomy

five uses
  • I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you this day that you will quickly perish from the land that you are crossing the Jordan to possess. You will not live long upon it, but will be utterly destroyed.

    Deuteronomy 4:26

    • הַעִידֹתִי֩haidotiverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I call as witnesses
  • If you ever forget the LORD your God and go after other gods to worship and bow down to them, I testify against you today that you will surely perish.

    Deuteronomy 8:19

    • הַעִדֹ֤תִיhaidotiverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I testify
  • I call heaven and earth as witnesses against you today that I have set before you life and death, blessing and cursing. Therefore choose life, so that you and your descendants may live,

    Deuteronomy 30:19

    • הַעִידֹ֨תִיhaidotiverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I call as witnesses
  • Assemble before me all the elders of your tribes and all your officers so that I may speak these words in their hearing and call heaven and earth to witness against them.

    Deuteronomy 31:28

    • וְאָעִ֣ידָהveaidahconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: so I may call as witnesses
  • he said to them, “Take to heart all these words I testify among you today, so that you may command your children to carefully follow all the words of this law.

    Deuteronomy 32:46

    • מֵעִ֥ידmeidverb · causative (hiphil), participle · masculine singulartagged: warning

1 Samuel

two uses
  • Now listen to them, but you must solemnly warn them and show them the manner of the king who will reign over them.”

    1 Samuel 8:9

    • הָעֵ֤דhaedverb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolutetagged: certainly to warn
    • תָּעִיד֙taidverb · causative (hiphil), yiqtol (imperfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you will warn

1 Kings

three uses
  • the king summoned Shimei and said to him, “Did I not make you swear by the LORD and warn you, ‘On the day you leave and go elsewhere, know for sure that you will die’? And you told me, ‘The sentence is fair; I will comply.’

    1 Kings 2:42

    • וָאָעִ֤דvaaidHc/Vhw1cstagged: and did I warn
  • But seat two scoundrels opposite him and have them testify, ‘You have cursed both God and the king!’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

    1 Kings 21:10

    • וִיעִדֻ֣הוּviiduhuHC/Vhu3mp/Sp3mstagged: and let them testify against him
  • And the two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and these men testified against him before the people, saying, “Naboth has cursed both God and the king!” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death.

    1 Kings 21:13

    • וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩vayiduhuHc/Vhw3mp/Sp3mstagged: and they testified against him

2 Kings

two uses
  • Yet through all His prophets and seers, the LORD warned Israel and Judah, saying, “Turn from your wicked ways and keep My commandments and statutes, according to the entire Law that I commanded your fathers and delivered to you through My servants the prophets.”

    2 Kings 17:13

    • וַיָּ֣עַדvaiyaadHc/Vhw3mstagged: and he warned
  • They rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and themselves became worthless, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

    2 Kings 17:15

    • הֵעִ֖ידheidverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he warned

2 Chronicles

one use
  • Nevertheless, the LORD sent prophets to bring the people back to Him and to testify against them; but they would not listen.

    2 Chronicles 24:19

    • וַיָּעִ֥ידוּvaiyaiduHc/Vhw3mptagged: and they warned

Nehemiah

six uses
  • But they were disobedient and rebelled against You; they flung Your law behind their backs. They killed Your prophets, who had admonished them to return to You. They committed terrible blasphemies.

    Nehemiah 9:26

    • הֵעִ֥ידוּheiduverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common pluraltagged: they had warned
  • You admonished them to turn back to Your law, but they were arrogant and disobeyed Your commandments. They sinned against Your ordinances, by which a man will live if he practices them. They stubbornly shrugged their shoulders; they stiffened their necks and would not obey.

    Nehemiah 9:29

    • וַתָּ֨עַדvataadHc/Vhw2mstagged: and you warned
  • You were patient with them for many years, and Your Spirit admonished them through Your prophets. Yet they would not listen, so You gave them into the hands of the neighboring peoples.

    Nehemiah 9:30

    • וַתָּ֨עַדvataadHc/Vhw2mstagged: and you warned
  • Our kings and leaders and priests and fathers did not obey Your law or listen to Your commandments and warnings that You gave them.

    Nehemiah 9:34

    • הַעִידֹ֖תָhaidotaverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: you admonished
  • In those days I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath and bringing in grain and loading it on donkeys, along with wine, grapes, and figs. All kinds of goods were being brought into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So I warned them against selling food on that day.

    Nehemiah 13:15

    • וָאָעִ֕ידvaaidHc/Vhw1cstagged: and I protested
  • but I warned them, “Why are you camping in front of the wall? If you do it again, I will lay hands on you.” From that time on, they did not return on the Sabbath.

    Nehemiah 13:21

    • וָאָעִ֣ידָהvaaidahHc/Vhw1cs/Shtagged: and I warned

Job

one use
  • For those who heard me called me blessed, and those who saw me commended me,

    Job 29:11

    • וַתְּעִידֵֽנִי׃vateideniHc/Vhw3fs/Sp1bstagged: and it bore witness to me

Psalms

six uses
  • They collapse and fall, but we rise up and stand firm.

    Psalms 20:8

    • וַנִּתְעוֹדָֽד׃vanitodadHc/Vtw1cptagged: and we have kept upright
  • “Hear, O My people, and I will speak, O Israel, and I will testify against you: I am God, your God.

    Psalms 50:7

    • וְאָעִ֣ידָהveaidahconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: and I will warn
  • Hear, O My people, and I will warn you: O Israel, if only you would listen to Me!

    Psalms 81:8

    • וְאָעִ֣ידָהveaidahconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: so let me warn
  • Though the ropes of the wicked bind me, I do not forget Your law.

    Psalms 119:61

    • עִוְּדֻ֑נִיʾiveduniverb · intensive (piel), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person common plural + pronoun suffix · 1st person masculine or feminine singulartagged: they have surrounded me
  • The LORD protects foreigners; He sustains the fatherless and the widow, but the ways of the wicked He frustrates.

    Psalms 146:9

    • יְעוֹדֵ֑דyeodedverb · intensive (piel), yiqtol (imperfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he helps up
  • The LORD sustains the humble, but casts the wicked to the ground.

    Psalms 147:6

    • מְעוֹדֵ֣דmeodedverb · intensive (piel), participle · masculine singulartagged: relieving

Isaiah

one use
  • And I will appoint for Myself trustworthy witnesses—Uriah the priest and Zechariah son of Jeberekiah.”

    Isaiah 8:2

    • וְאָעִ֣ידָהveaidahconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: and I will call as witness

Jeremiah

eight uses
  • To whom can I give this warning? Who will listen to me? Look, their ears are closed, so they cannot hear. See, the word of the LORD has become offensive to them; they find no pleasure in it.

    Jeremiah 6:10

    • וְאָעִ֙ידָה֙veaidahconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive (“to…”) · 1st person common singulartagged: and will I warn
  • For from the time I brought your fathers out of the land of Egypt until today, I strongly warned them again and again, saying, ‘Obey My voice.’

    Jeremiah 11:7

    • הָעֵ֨דhaedverb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolutetagged: certainly to warn
    • הַעִדֹ֜תִיhaidotiverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I warned
    • וְהָעֵ֖דvehaedconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolutetagged: and warning
  • I signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales.

    Jeremiah 32:10

    • וָאָעֵ֖דvaaedHc/Vhw1cstagged: and I caused to witness
  • Yet You, O Lord GOD, have said to me, ‘Buy for yourself the field with silver and call in witnesses, even though the city has been delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans!’”

    Jeremiah 32:25

    • וְהָעֵ֣דvehaedconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), command · 2nd person masculine singulartagged: and cause to witness
  • Fields will be purchased with silver, and deeds will be signed, sealed, and witnessed in the land of Benjamin, in the areas surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah—the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev—because I will restore them from captivity, declares the LORD.”

    Jeremiah 32:44

    • וְהָעֵ֣דvehaedconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), infinitive absolutetagged: and cause to witness
  • The LORD has told you, O remnant of Judah, ‘Do not go to Egypt.’ Know for sure that I have warned you today!

    Jeremiah 42:19

    • הַעִידֹ֥תִיhaidotiverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 1st person common singulartagged: I have warned

Lamentations

one use
  • What can I say for you? To what can I compare you, O Daughter of Jerusalem? To what can I liken you, that I may console you, O Virgin Daughter of Zion? For your wound is as deep as the sea. Who can ever heal you?

    Lamentations 2:13

    • אֲעִידֵ֞ךְʾaidekhverb · causative (hiphil), yiqtol (imperfect) · 1st person common singular + pronoun suffix · 2nd person feminine singulartagged: will I testify for you

Amos

one use
  • Hear and testify against the house of Jacob, declares the Lord GOD, the God of Hosts.

    Amos 3:13

    • וְהָעִ֖ידוּvehaiduconjunction (“and”) + verb · causative (hiphil), command · 2nd person masculine pluraltagged: and warn

Zechariah

one use
  • Then the angel of the LORD gave this charge to Joshua:

    Zechariah 3:6

    • וַיָּ֙עַד֙vaiyaadHc/Vhw3mstagged: and he admonished

Malachi

one use
  • Yet you ask, “Why?” It is because the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have broken faith, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant.

    Malachi 2:14

    • הֵעִ֨ידheidverb · causative (hiphil), qatal (perfect) · 3rd person masculine singulartagged: he has testified

The letters

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The words it stands beside are the nouns, verbs and adjectives immediately before or after it, counted in every verse where the word stands. The article, the conjunctions and the prepositions are left out, because they stand beside every word.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESH gloss (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →