1 Enoch 69
Study resource: not ScriptureR. H. Charles translation (1917) · public domain
1And after this judgement they shall terrify and make them to tremble because they have shown this to those who dwell on the earth.
2And behold the names of those angels [and these are their names: the first of them is Samjâzâ, the second Artâqîfâ, and the third Armên, the fourth Kôkabêl, the fifth Tûrâêl, the sixth Rûmjâl, the seventh Dânjâl, the eighth Nêqâêl, the ninth Barâqêl, the tenth Azâzêl, the eleventh Armârôs, the twelfth Batarjâl, the thirteenth Busasêjal, the fourteenth Hanânêl, the fifteenth Tûrêl, and the sixteenth Simâpêsîêl, the seventeenth Jetrêl, the eighteenth Tumâêl, the nineteenth Tûrêl, the twentieth Rûmâêl, the twenty-first Azâzêl.
3And these are the chiefs of their angels and their names, and their chief ones over hundreds and over fifties and over tens].
4The name of the first Jeqôn: that is, the one who led astray [all] the sons of God, and brought them down to the earth, and led them astray through the daughters of men.
5And the second was named Asbeêl: he imparted to the holy sons of God evil counsel, and led them astray so that they defiled their bodies with the daughters of men.
6And the third was named Gâdreêl: he it is who showed the children of men all the blows of death, and he led astray Eve, and showed [the weapons of death to the sons of men] the shield and the coat of mail, and the sword for battle, and all the weapons of death to the children of men.
7And from his hand they have proceeded against those who dwell on the earth from that day and for evermore.
8And the fourth was named Pênemûe: he taught the children of men the bitter and the sweet, and he taught them all the secrets of their wisdom.
9And he instructed mankind in writing with ink and paper, and thereby many sinned from eternity to eternity and until this day.
10For men were not created for such a purpose, to give confirmation to their good faith with pen and ink.
11For men were created exactly like the angels, to the intent that they should continue pure and righteous, and death, which destroys everything, could not have taken hold of them, but through this their knowledge they are perishing, and through this power it is consuming me.
12And the fifth was named Kâsdejâ: this is he who showed the children of men all the wicked smitings of spirits and demons, and the smitings of the embryo in the womb, that it may pass away, and [the smitings of the soul] the bites of the serpent, and the smitings which befall through the noontide heat, the son of the serpent named Tabâ’ět.
13And this is the task of Kâsbeêl, the chief of the oath which he showed to the holy ones when he dwelt high above in glory, and its name is Bîqâ.
14This (angel) requested Michael to show him the hidden name, that he might enunciate it in the oath, so that those might quake before that name and oath who revealed all that was in secret to the children of men.
15And this is the power of this oath, for it is powerful and strong, and he placed this oath Akâe in the hand of Michael.
16And these are the secrets of this oath . . . And they are strong through his oath: And the heaven was suspended before the world was created, And for ever.
17And through it the earth was founded upon the water, And from the secret recesses of the mountains come beautiful waters, From the creation of the world and unto eternity.
18And through that oath the sea was created, And as its foundation He set for it the sand against the time of (its) anger, And it dare not pass beyond it from the creation of the world unto eternity.
19And through that oath are the depths made fast, And abide and stir not from their place from eternity to eternity.
20And through that oath the sun and moon complete their course, And deviate not from their ordinance from eternity to eternity.
21And through that oath the stars complete their course, And He calls them by their names, And they answer Him from eternity to eternity.
22[And in like manner the spirits of the water, and of the winds, and of all zephyrs, and (their) paths from all the quarters of the winds.
23And there are preserved the voices of the thunder and the light of the lightnings: and there are preserved the chambers of the hail and the chambers of the hoar-frost, and the chambers of the mist, and the chambers of the rain and the dew.
24And all these believe and give thanks before the Lord of Spirits, and glorify (Him) with all their power, and their food is in every act of thanksgiving: they thank and glorify and extol the name of the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever.]
25And this oath is mighty over them, And through it [they are preserved and] their paths are preserved, And their course is not destroyed.
26And there was great joy amongst them, And they blessed and glorified and extolled Because the name of that Son of Man had been revealed unto them.
27And he sat on the throne of his glory, And the sum of judgement was given unto the Son of Man, And he caused the sinners to pass away and be destroyed from off the face of the earth, And those who have led the world astray.
28With chains shall they be bound, And in their assemblage-place of destruction shall they be imprisoned, And all their works vanish from the face of the earth.
29And from henceforth there shall be nothing corruptible; For that Son of Man has appeared, And has seated himself on the throne of his glory, And all evil shall pass away before his face, And the word of that Son of Man shall go forth And be strong before the Lord of Spirits. This is the third Parable of Enoch.
The chapter, studied
The Oath That Holds Up Heaven and Earth
The chapter lists the fallen angels by name and details specific offenses — Jeqon who first led the "sons of God" astray, Asbeel who counseled them to defile themselves, Gadreel who showed the weapons of death and, the text says, led Eve astray, Penemue who taught writing with pen and ink, and Kasdeja who taught the wicked arts of harming the body and the unborn. It then turns to Kasbeel's oath, "Akae," the very name by which heaven was suspended, the earth founded on the water, and sun, moon, and stars are kept faithfully in their courses: and closes with the Son of Man's name revealed, judgment given to him, and the guilty bound in chains: "This is the third Parable of Enoch."
The named catalogue of fallen angels here differs in some particulars from the roster given earlier in the book, which is typical of how this material was transmitted and expanded across different hands — the student should hold the list as testimony to a live tradition rather than a single fixed roster. Striking among the entries is Gadreel's credit for having "led astray Eve," a variant strand within the Watchers tradition that sits alongside, rather than replaces, the serpent's role in Genesis 3; the chapter also blames a Watcher for teaching mankind the instruments of war, and blames Penemue for teaching writing itself, treating even literacy as double-edged: "many sinned from eternity to eternity" because writing let people pretend at "good faith" without truly keeping it.
Kasbeel's oath, "Akae," is presented as the underlying power holding up the created order itself: heaven suspended, earth founded on water, the sea bound by sand it "dare not pass beyond," sun and moon and stars kept in unwavering course. This cosmic-oath passage answers Job's own questions about who set the sea's limits, but recasts them as an angelic "oath" administered from within creation rather than simply God's direct decree.
The chapter's ending is the formal close of the entire Third Parable and, with it, the whole Book of Parables: "the sum of judgement was given unto the Son of Man," the guilty are chained and their works vanish, and "there shall be nothing corruptible" from that point on. The joy described among the angels "because the name of that Son of Man had been revealed unto them" mirrors chapter 48's earlier claim that his name was hidden before creation: the concealment announced there is here finally, publicly lifted.
The chapter names the fallen Watchers individually and catalogues their specific offenses, forbidden knowledge, weapons, sorcery, before their judgment and binding in chains, the fullest single roster in the book and the clearest statement of the reading behind Jude 6 and 2 Peter 2:4.
Doors into the 66
Teachers on this ground
R. H. Charles
The Book of Enoch (1917)
The public-domain translation this shelf reads, with the critical introduction the field still builds on.
Johnny Enlow
The Book of Enoch: Paraphrase and Commentary (2025)
A living teacher's paraphrase of the whole book with his own running commentary, from the prophetic stream.
Michael S. Heiser
A Companion to the Book of Enoch: A Reader's Commentary, Vol. II — The Parables of Enoch (2020)
The reader's commentary continued into the Son of Man visions of these chapters.
1And after this judgement they shall terrify and make them to tremble because they have shown this to those who dwell on the earth.
2And behold the names of those angels [and these are their names: the first of them is Samjâzâ, the second Artâqîfâ, and the third Armên, the fourth Kôkabêl, the fifth Tûrâêl, the sixth Rûmjâl, the seventh Dânjâl, the eighth Nêqâêl, the ninth Barâqêl, the tenth Azâzêl, the eleventh Armârôs, the twelfth Batarjâl, the thirteenth Busasêjal, the fourteenth Hanânêl, the fifteenth Tûrêl, and the sixteenth Simâpêsîêl, the seventeenth Jetrêl, the eighteenth Tumâêl, the nineteenth Tûrêl, the twentieth Rûmâêl, the twenty-first Azâzêl.
3And these are the chiefs of their angels and their names, and their chief ones over hundreds and over fifties and over tens].
4The name of the first Jeqôn: that is, the one who led astray [all] the sons of God, and brought them down to the earth, and led them astray through the daughters of men.
5And the second was named Asbeêl: he imparted to the holy sons of God evil counsel, and led them astray so that they defiled their bodies with the daughters of men.
6And the third was named Gâdreêl: he it is who showed the children of men all the blows of death, and he led astray Eve, and showed [the weapons of death to the sons of men] the shield and the coat of mail, and the sword for battle, and all the weapons of death to the children of men.
7And from his hand they have proceeded against those who dwell on the earth from that day and for evermore.
8And the fourth was named Pênemûe: he taught the children of men the bitter and the sweet, and he taught them all the secrets of their wisdom.
9And he instructed mankind in writing with ink and paper, and thereby many sinned from eternity to eternity and until this day.
10For men were not created for such a purpose, to give confirmation to their good faith with pen and ink.
11For men were created exactly like the angels, to the intent that they should continue pure and righteous, and death, which destroys everything, could not have taken hold of them, but through this their knowledge they are perishing, and through this power it is consuming me.
12And the fifth was named Kâsdejâ: this is he who showed the children of men all the wicked smitings of spirits and demons, and the smitings of the embryo in the womb, that it may pass away, and [the smitings of the soul] the bites of the serpent, and the smitings which befall through the noontide heat, the son of the serpent named Tabâ’ět.
13And this is the task of Kâsbeêl, the chief of the oath which he showed to the holy ones when he dwelt high above in glory, and its name is Bîqâ.
14This (angel) requested Michael to show him the hidden name, that he might enunciate it in the oath, so that those might quake before that name and oath who revealed all that was in secret to the children of men.
15And this is the power of this oath, for it is powerful and strong, and he placed this oath Akâe in the hand of Michael.
16And these are the secrets of this oath . . . And they are strong through his oath: And the heaven was suspended before the world was created, And for ever.
17And through it the earth was founded upon the water, And from the secret recesses of the mountains come beautiful waters, From the creation of the world and unto eternity.
18And through that oath the sea was created, And as its foundation He set for it the sand against the time of (its) anger, And it dare not pass beyond it from the creation of the world unto eternity.
19And through that oath are the depths made fast, And abide and stir not from their place from eternity to eternity.
20And through that oath the sun and moon complete their course, And deviate not from their ordinance from eternity to eternity.
21And through that oath the stars complete their course, And He calls them by their names, And they answer Him from eternity to eternity.
22[And in like manner the spirits of the water, and of the winds, and of all zephyrs, and (their) paths from all the quarters of the winds.
23And there are preserved the voices of the thunder and the light of the lightnings: and there are preserved the chambers of the hail and the chambers of the hoar-frost, and the chambers of the mist, and the chambers of the rain and the dew.
24And all these believe and give thanks before the Lord of Spirits, and glorify (Him) with all their power, and their food is in every act of thanksgiving: they thank and glorify and extol the name of the Lord of Spirits for ever and ever.]
25And this oath is mighty over them, And through it [they are preserved and] their paths are preserved, And their course is not destroyed.
26And there was great joy amongst them, And they blessed and glorified and extolled Because the name of that Son of Man had been revealed unto them.
27And he sat on the throne of his glory, And the sum of judgement was given unto the Son of Man, And he caused the sinners to pass away and be destroyed from off the face of the earth, And those who have led the world astray.
28With chains shall they be bound, And in their assemblage-place of destruction shall they be imprisoned, And all their works vanish from the face of the earth.
29And from henceforth there shall be nothing corruptible; For that Son of Man has appeared, And has seated himself on the throne of his glory, And all evil shall pass away before his face, And the word of that Son of Man shall go forth And be strong before the Lord of Spirits. This is the third Parable of Enoch.
The language it was written in
Aramaic (the Qumran fragments' language); parts possibly Hebrew. The Parables (chs. 37–71) have no Qumran witness and their original language is debated.
What survives, and where
Aramaic: Dead Sea Scrolls
Eleven fragmentary manuscripts from Qumran Cave 4 covering every section except the Parables (3rd c. BC – 1st c. AD).
Greek
Substantial portions: chs. 1–32 (Codex Panopolitanus), quotations in Syncellus, and the Chester Beatty papyrus of the Epistle.
Ge’ez (Ethiopic)
The only complete text, preserved by the Ethiopian church, whose canon receives the book; the base of every full translation.
What you are reading here
R. H. Charles's 1917 English translation, made from the Ge’ez against the Greek and Aramaic evidence then known — public domain, quotable in full.
No tagged word floor exists for the Aramaic or Ge’ez text; word-by-word study on this shelf awaits a future ingest. What stands here is the manuscript story itself.