Word Study · Strong's H2856 · Hebrew
חָתַם
chatham
khaw-tham'
Strong's 1890 spelling: châtham
“to close up”
Strong's Dictionary · 1890 · public domain
to close up; especially to seal
Rendered in the KJV as
make an end, mark, seal (up), stop.
- 26occurrencesin the Old Testament
- 11 of 39Old Testament bookswhere the word stands
- 25inflected formsdistinct spellings
Across 26 occurrences
The word itself
Inflected forms · 25
- יַחְתֹּֽם׃2
- הֶֽחָת֔וּם1
- הֶֽחָתוּם֒1
- הֶֽחָת֛וּם1
- הֶחָת֗וּם1
- הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים1
- הֶחְתִּ֤ים1
- וָֽאֶחְתֹּ֔ם1
- וְחָתוֹם֮1
- וַחֲתֹ֥ם1
- וְחִתְמ֖וּ1
- וַחֲתֻמִ֛ים1
and 13 more spellings in the ledger below.
How it is rendered · 23
- he puts a seal2
- sealed up2
- the sealed [one]2
- [is] sealed1
- [were one who] seals1
- [will be] sealed up1
- and [it was] sealed1
- and he sealed [it]1
- and I sealed [it]1
- and it is sealed1
- and seal [it]1
- and seal up1
The sense the word carries at each spot — how the translators read it there, not a fixed translation.
How it parses · 18
- the definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singular4
- verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singular4
- verb · simple (qal), ongoing or future action · 3rd person masculine singular3
- conjunction (“and”) + preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive absolute1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singular1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), infinitive absolute1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine plural1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine plural1
- conjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singular1
- Hc/Vqw1cs1
- Hc/Vqw3fs1
Show the grammar codes as tagged
- HTd/Vqsmsa · 4
- HVqsmsa · 4
- HVqi3ms · 3
- HC/R/Vqcc · 1
- HC/VNaa · 1
- HC/VNrmsa · 1
- HC/Vqaa · 1
- HC/Vqsmpa · 1
- HC/Vqv2mp · 1
- HC/Vqv2ms · 1
- Hc/Vqw1cs · 1
- Hc/Vqw3fs · 1
All 26, in canonical order
The ledger of occurrences
Where this word lives
Job carries the most and opens below; every other book is one click.
Deuteronomy1 occurrence
Nehemiah2 occurrences
- Nehemiah 9:38הֶֽחָת֔וּםhechatumthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularIn view of all this, we make a binding agreement, putting it in writing and sealing it with the names of our leaders, Levites, and priests.”here: the sealed [document]
- Nehemiah 10:1הַחֲתוּמִ֑יםhachatumimthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine pluralNow these were the ones who sealed the document: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, and also Zedekiah,here: the sealed [documents]
Esther4 occurrences
- Esther 3:12וְנֶחְתָּ֖םvenechtamconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), participle (“the one who…”) · masculine singularOn the thirteenth day of the first month, the royal scribes were summoned and the order was written exactly as Haman commanded the royal satraps, the governors of each province, and the officials of each people, in the script of each province and the language of every people. It was written in the name of King Xerxes and sealed with the royal signet ring.here: and [it was] sealed
- Esther 8:8וְחִתְמ֖וּvechitmuconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine pluralNow you may write in the king’s name as you please regarding the Jews, and seal it with the royal signet ring. For a decree that is written in the name of the king and sealed with the royal signet ring cannot be revoked.”here: and seal [it]
- Esther 8:8וְנַחְתּ֛וֹםvenachtomconjunction (“and”) + verb · passive or reflexive (niphal), infinitive absoluteNow you may write in the king’s name as you please regarding the Jews, and seal it with the royal signet ring. For a decree that is written in the name of the king and sealed with the royal signet ring cannot be revoked.”here: and it is sealed
- Esther 8:10וַיַּחְתֹּ֖םvaiyachtomHc/Vqw3msMordecai wrote in the name of King Xerxes and sealed it with the royal signet ring. He sent the documents by mounted couriers riding on swift horses bred from the royal mares.here: and he sealed [it]
Job5 occurrences
- Job 9:7יַחְתֹּֽם׃yachtomverb · simple (qal), ongoing or future action · 3rd person masculine singularHe commands the sun not to shine; He seals off the stars.here: he puts a seal
- Job 14:17חָתֻ֣םchatumverb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularMy transgression would be sealed in a bag, and You would cover over my iniquity.here: [will be] sealed up
- Job 24:16חִתְּמוּ־chitemu-verb · intensive (piel), completed action · 3rd person common pluralIn the dark they dig through houses; by day they shut themselves in, never to experience the light.here: they seal up
- Job 33:16יַחְתֹּֽם׃yachtomverb · simple (qal), ongoing or future action · 3rd person masculine singularHe opens their ears and terrifies them with warningshere: he will seal
- Job 37:7יַחְתּ֑וֹםyachtomverb · simple (qal), ongoing or future action · 3rd person masculine singularHe seals up the hand of every man, so that all men may know His work.here: he puts a seal
Song of Solomon1 occurrence
Isaiah3 occurrences
- Isaiah 8:16חֲת֥וֹםchatomverb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singularBind up the testimony and seal the law among my disciples.here: seal up
- Isaiah 29:11הֶֽחָתוּם֒hechatumthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularAnd the entire vision will be to you like the words sealed in a scroll. If it is handed to someone to read, he will say, “I cannot, because it is sealed.”here: the sealed
- Isaiah 29:11חָת֖וּםchatumverb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularAnd the entire vision will be to you like the words sealed in a scroll. If it is handed to someone to read, he will say, “I cannot, because it is sealed.”here: [is] sealed
Jeremiah4 occurrences
- Jeremiah 32:10וָֽאֶחְתֹּ֔םvaechtomHc/Vqw1csI signed and sealed the deed, called in witnesses, and weighed out the silver on the scales.here: and I sealed [it]
- Jeremiah 32:11הֶֽחָת֛וּםhechatumthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singularThen I took the deed of purchase—the sealed copy with its terms and conditions, as well as the open copy—here: the sealed [one]
- Jeremiah 32:14הֶחָת֗וּםhechatumthe definite article (“the”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine singular“This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: Take these deeds—both the sealed copy and the open copy of the deed of purchase—and put them in a clay jar to preserve them for a long time.here: the sealed [one]
- Jeremiah 32:44וְחָתוֹם֮vechatomconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), infinitive absoluteFields will be purchased with silver, and deeds will be signed, sealed, and witnessed in the land of Benjamin, in the areas surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah—the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev—because I will restore them from captivity, declares the LORD.”here: and they will seal [it]
Daniel3 occurrences
- Daniel 9:24וְלַחְתֹּם֙velachtomconjunction (“and”) + preposition + verb · simple (qal), infinitive (“to…”)Seventy weeks are decreed for your people and your holy city to stop their transgression, to put an end to sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Most Holy Place.here: and to seal up
- Daniel 12:4וַחֲתֹ֥םvachatomconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), command · 2nd person masculine singularBut you, Daniel, shut up these words and seal the book until the time of the end. Many will roam to and fro, and knowledge will increase.”here: and seal up
- Daniel 12:9וַחֲתֻמִ֛יםvachatumimconjunction (“and”) + verb · simple (qal), passive participle · masculine plural“Go on your way, Daniel,” he replied, “for the words are closed up and sealed until the time of the end.here: and sealed up