Greek verb · G4645
σκληρύνω
sklerynosklay-roo'-no
to harden
6 uses in the Greek text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key
Concordance spelling: sklērýnō
Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's G4645is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.
- 3 of 27New Testament books
- 4spellings
The definition in full
Strong's key (1890) · G4645
to indurate, i.e. (figuratively) render stubborn
The King James renders it: harden.
James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.
Summary
skleryno is rendered "to harden". It stands 6 times in the Greek text, across three books.
- Four of the uses stand in Hebrews, more than in any other book.
- Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Acts 19:9But when some of them stubbornly refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way, Paul took his disciples and left the synagogue to conduct daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus.
- The Greek text spells it four different ways.
The first use
But when some of them stubbornly refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way, Paul took his disciples and left the synagogue to conduct daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus.
Acts 19:9ἐσκληρύνοντο
The first use, in the order of the New Testament's books.
Where the word stands
What the word means
Each meaning, and the words it is translated by
How the Greek text is glossed, word by word
- shall harden3
- He hardens1
- may be hardened1
- were hardened1
The words built on the same word-part
Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.
| Word | Written | Meaning | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| σκληρός | skleros | hard | Uses5 |
| σκληροκαρδία | sklerokardia | hardness of heart | Uses2 |
| σκληρότης | sklerotes | hardness | Uses1 |
| σκληροτράχηλος | sklerotrachelos | stiff-necked | Uses1 |
All 6, in canonical order
Every use, in order
Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.
4 spellings and their grammar
STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.
How it is spelled
- σκληρύνητε3
- ἐσκληρύνοντο1
- σκληρύνει.¶1
- σκληρυνθῇ1
The grammar of each form
- verb · aorist active, subjunctive · 2nd person plural3V-AAS-2P
- verb · aorist passive, subjunctive · 3rd person singular1V-APS-3S
- verb · imperfect passive, indicative · 3rd person plural1V-IPI-3P
- verb · present active, indicative · 3rd person singular1V-PAI-3S
Acts
one use
But when some of them stubbornly refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way, Paul took his disciples and left the synagogue to conduct daily discussions in the lecture hall of Tyrannus.
- ἐσκληρύνοντοesklerunontoverb · imperfect passive, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: were hardened
Romans
one use
Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.
- σκληρύνει.¶skleruneiverb · present active, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He hardens
Hebrews
four uses
do not harden your hearts, as you did in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness,
- σκληρύνητεskleruneteverb · aorist active, subjunctive · 2nd person pluraltagged: shall harden
But exhort one another daily, as long as it is called today, so that none of you may be hardened by sin’s deceitfulness.
- σκληρυνθῇskleruntheaverb · aorist passive, subjunctive · 3rd person singulartagged: may be hardened
As it has been said: “Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts, as you did in the rebellion.”
- σκληρύνητεskleruneteverb · aorist active, subjunctive · 2nd person pluraltagged: shall harden
God again designated a certain day as “Today,” when a long time later He spoke through David as was just stated: “Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts.”
- σκληρύνητεskleruneteverb · aorist active, subjunctive · 2nd person pluraltagged: shall harden
Where it leads
How the numbers are counted
Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.
Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.
The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.