Manuscript
Codex Washingtonianus (the Freer Gospels)
Also known as Codex Washingtonianus · W (Gregory-Aland) · 032 · the Freer Gospels · F1906.274
Four Gospels in an unusual order — and one saying of Jesus that appears in no other manuscript on earth.
great-codicesnew-testamentgospelsvariants
Overview
Codex Washingtonianus (the Freer Gospels)(Fourth to fifth century AD (c. 350–450))— Bought in Egypt in 1906 by Charles Lang Freer
One hundred and eighty-seven leaves, in the order Matthew, John, Luke, Mark.
After Mark 16:14 this manuscript alone carries an extra passage, known as the Freer Logion, in which Christ answers the disciples: "The term of years for Satan's power has been fulfilled, but other terrible things draw near." No printed Bible carries it. It is a real variant in a real manuscript, and this room shows it rather than hiding it.
Its text also changes character from book to book, which scholars read as evidence that it was assembled from several different damaged copies — plausibly because Diocletian's persecution had destroyed the complete ones. If that reading is right, the book is physical evidence of a church rebuilding its Scriptures after an attempt to burn them.
Manuscript Details
- Date
- Fourth to fifth century AD (c. 350–450)
- Language
- Greek
- Script
- Uncial (majuscule)
- Material
- Parchment
- Current location
- Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art (Freer Gallery of Art), Washington, D.C. (F1906.274)
- Discovery year
- 1906
- Discovery location
- Bought in Egypt in 1906 by Charles Lang Freer
- Contains books
- Matthew · John · Luke · Mark
- Tags
- great-codices · new-testament · gospels · variants
Significance
It carries the one saying of Jesus that survives in a single manuscript and nowhere else — the clearest possible demonstration that the church did not quietly absorb every stray reading, because this one never made it into a Bible.
The passages the manuscripts argue over
The places where the manuscripts differ — the ending of Mark, the woman caught in adultery, the three heavenly witnesses — with the case each way.
