The Sin and Guilt Offerings

The ḥaṭṭāʾth (Lev 4:1–5:13) answers unintentional sin, graded by office — anointed priest, whole congregation, ruler, common person (Lev 4:3, 13, 22, 27) — with blood on the horns of the altar and, for priest and congregation, sprinkled before the veil (Lev 4:6–7). The ʾāshām (Lev 5:14–6:7) answers trespass "in the holy things of the LORD" or against a neighbour, and requires restitution: the principal restored "and shall add the fifth part more thereto" (Lev 5:16; 6:5). Two threads run forward: the LXX's fixed sin-offering formula peri hamartias is the phrase Paul uses at Rom 8:3; and Isaiah 53:10 makes the servant's soul an ʾāshām — the technical reparation term. What the ḥaṭṭāʾth blood accomplishes is genuinely contested (Milgrom's purification-offering thesis vs the classic expiation reading) — both positions stand attributed on the main page's contested drawer. Sources: KJV (PD); atlas lens 28 candidates 10, 13–14 and contested points 1, 6.