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Greek verb · G757

ἄρχω

archoar'-kho

to begin.; to rule

85 uses in the Greek text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key

Concordance spelling: árchō

Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's G757is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.

  • 8 of 27
    New Testament books
  • 18
    spellings
  • 2
    meanings

The definition in full

Strong's key (1890) · G757

to be first (in political rank or power)

The King James renders it: reign (rule) over.

James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.

Summary

archo is rendered "to begin.; to rule". It stands 85 times in the Greek text, across eight books.

  • Thirty-one of the uses stand in Luke, more than in any other book.
  • The lexicon lists two meanings for it, beginning with "to begin.".
  • Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Matthew 4:17From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”
  • The Greek text spells it eighteen different ways.

The first use

From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”

Matthew 4:17ἤρξατο

The first use, in the order of the New Testament's books.

Where the word stands

Thirty-one of the word's eighty-five uses are in Luke.

The other 19 New Testament books never use the word.

What the word means

The word carries two meanings: to begin., and to rule.

Each meaning, and the words it is translated by

The English STEP Bible gives each use, word by word, and how many times.
to begin.Tagged as
  • He began24
  • they began8
  • beginning3
  • may begin3
  • Are we beginning1
  • He has begun1
  • shall begin1
  • she began1

and 6 more, 48 uses in all

WhereMatthew 4:17From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”
to rule(see DCG, ii, 538b.): with genitive, Mrk.10:42, Rom.15:12. Mid., to beginTagged as
  • began27
  • having begun8
  • to rule1
  • to rule over1
WhereMatthew 16:21From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer…

The words built on the same word-part

Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.

ἄρχωνarchonrulerUses37

All 85, in canonical order

Every use, in order

Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.

18 spellings and their grammar

STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.

How it is spelled

  • ἤρξατο41
  • ἤρξαντο18
  • ἀρξάμενος8
  • ἄρξησθε2
  • ἄρξηται2
  • ἄρχειν2
  • ἀρξάμενοι1
  • ἀρξαμένου1
  • ἄρξασθαι1
  • ἄρξασθαί1
  • ἄρξεσθε1
  • ἄρξῃ1

and 6 more spellings in the ledger below.

The grammar of each form

  • verb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singular41V-ADI-3S
  • verb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person plural19V-ADI-3P
  • verb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singular8V-AMP-NSM
  • verb · aorist middle, infinitive (“to…”)2V-AMN
  • verb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 2nd person plural2V-AMS-2P
  • verb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 3rd person singular2V-AMS-3S
  • verb · present active, infinitive (“to…”)2V-PAN
  • verb · aorist middle, participle · genitive (“of”) · masculine singular1V-AMP-GSM
  • verb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine plural1V-AMP-NPM
  • verb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 3rd person plural1V-AMS-3P
  • verb · future middle, indicative · 2nd person plural1V-FMI-2P
  • verb · future middle, indicative · 2nd person singular1V-FMI-2S

Matthew

thirteen uses
  • From that time on Jesus began to preach, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.”

    Matthew 4:17

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • As John’s disciples were leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?

    Matthew 11:7

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • Then Jesus began to denounce the cities in which most of His miracles had been performed, because they did not repent.

    Matthew 11:20

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • At that time Jesus went through the grainfields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry and began to pick the heads of grain and eat them.

    Matthew 12:1

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began
  • But when he saw the strength of the wind, he was afraid, and beginning to sink, cried out, “Lord, save me!”

    Matthew 14:30

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.

    Matthew 16:21

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. “Far be it from You, Lord!” he said. “This shall never happen to You!”

    Matthew 16:22

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • As he began the settlements, a debtor was brought to him owing ten thousand talents.

    Matthew 18:24

    • ἀρξαμένουarxamenouverb · aorist middle, participle · genitive (“of”) · masculine singulartagged: When was beginning
  • When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last ones hired and moving on to the first.’

    Matthew 20:8

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • And he begins to beat his fellow servants and to eat and drink with drunkards.

    Matthew 24:49

    • ἄρξηταιarxetaiverb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 3rd person singulartagged: may begin
  • They were deeply grieved and began to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I, Lord?”

    Matthew 26:22

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began
  • He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee and began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed.

    Matthew 26:37

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • At that he began to curse and swear to them, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.

    Matthew 26:74

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began

Mark

twenty-seven uses
  • But the man went out and openly began to proclaim and spread the news. Consequently, Jesus could no longer enter a town in plain view, but He stayed out in solitary places. Yet people came to Him from every quarter.

    Mark 1:45

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began
  • One Sabbath Jesus was passing through the grainfields, and His disciples began to pick the heads of grain as they walked along.

    Mark 2:23

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • Once again Jesus began to teach beside the sea, and such a large crowd gathered around Him that He got into a boat and sat in it, while all the people crowded along the shore.

    Mark 4:1

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • And the people began to beg Jesus to leave their region.

    Mark 5:17

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began
  • So the man went away and began to proclaim throughout the Decapolis how much Jesus had done for him. And everyone was amazed.

    Mark 5:20

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began
  • When the Sabbath came, He began to teach in the synagogue, and many who heard Him were astonished. “Where did this man get these ideas?” they asked. “What is this wisdom He has been given? And how can He perform such miracles?

    Mark 6:2

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • Then Jesus called the Twelve to Him and began to send them out two by two, giving them authority over unclean spirits.

    Mark 6:7

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • When Jesus stepped ashore and saw a large crowd, He had compassion on them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd. And He began to teach them many things.

    Mark 6:34

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • and ran through that whole region, carrying the sick on mats to wherever they heard He was.

    Mark 6:55

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began
  • Then the Pharisees came and began to argue with Jesus, testing Him by demanding from Him a sign from heaven.

    Mark 8:11

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • Then He began to teach them that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and after three days rise again.

    Mark 8:31

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • He spoke this message quite frankly, and Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him.

    Mark 8:32

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • Peter began to say to Him, “Look, we have left everything and followed You.”

    Mark 10:28

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: Began
  • As they were going up the road to Jerusalem, Jesus was walking ahead of them. The disciples were amazed, but those who followed were afraid. Again Jesus took the Twelve aside and began to tell them what was going to happen to Him:

    Mark 10:32

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • When the ten heard about this, they became indignant with James and John.

    Mark 10:41

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • So Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them.

    Mark 10:42

    • ἄρχεινarcheinverb · present active, infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to rule over
  • When he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, “Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!”

    Mark 10:47

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began
  • When they arrived in Jerusalem, Jesus entered the temple courts and began to drive out those who were buying and selling there. He overturned the tables of the money changers and the seats of those selling doves.

    Mark 11:15

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

    Mark 12:1

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • Jesus began by telling them, “See to it that no one deceives you.

    Mark 13:5

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • They began to be grieved and to ask Him one after another, “Surely not I?”

    Mark 14:19

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: They began
  • He took with Him Peter, James, and John, and began to be deeply troubled and distressed.

    Mark 14:33

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • Then some of them began to spit on Him. They blindfolded Him, struck Him with their fists, and said to Him, “Prophesy!” And the officers received Him with slaps in His face.

    Mark 14:65

    • ἤρξαντόerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • There the servant girl saw him and again said to those standing nearby, “This man is one of them.”

    Mark 14:69

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • But he began to curse and swear, “I do not know this man of whom you speak!”

    Mark 14:71

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began
  • So the crowd went up and began asking Pilate to keep his custom.

    Mark 15:8

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • And they began to salute Him: “Hail, King of the Jews!”

    Mark 15:18

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began

Luke

thirty-one uses
  • Produce fruit, then, in keeping with repentance. And do not begin to say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father.’ For I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children for Abraham.

    Luke 3:8

    • ἄρξησθεarxestheverb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 2nd person pluraltagged: may begin
  • Jesus Himself was about thirty years old when He began His ministry. He was regarded as the son of Joseph, the son of Heli,

    Luke 3:23

    • ἀρχόμενοςarchomenosverb · present middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: beginning
  • and He began by saying, “Today this Scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”

    Luke 4:21

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • But the scribes and Pharisees began thinking to themselves, “Who is this man who speaks blasphemy? Who can forgive sins but God alone?”

    Luke 5:21

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • And the dead man sat up and began to speak! Then Jesus gave him back to his mother.

    Luke 7:15

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • After John’s messengers had left, Jesus began to speak to the crowds about John: “What did you go out into the wilderness to see? A reed swaying in the wind?

    Luke 7:24

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • As she stood behind Him at His feet weeping, she began to wet His feet with her tears and wipe them with her hair. Then she kissed His feet and anointed them with the perfume.

    Luke 7:38

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: she began
  • But those at the table began to say to themselves, “Who is this who even forgives sins?”

    Luke 7:49

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • As the day neared its end, the Twelve came to Jesus and said, “Dismiss the crowd so they can go to the surrounding villages and countryside for lodging and provisions. For we are in a desolate place here.”

    Luke 9:12

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • As the crowds were increasing, Jesus said, “This is a wicked generation. It demands a sign, but none will be given it except the sign of Jonah.

    Luke 11:29

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • As Jesus went on from there, the scribes and Pharisees began to oppose Him bitterly and to ply Him with questions about many things,

    Luke 11:53

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • In the meantime, a crowd of many thousands had gathered, so that they were trampling one another. Jesus began to speak first to His disciples: “Beware of the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.

    Luke 12:1

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • But suppose that servant says in his heart, ‘My master will be a long time in coming,’ and he begins to beat the menservants and maidservants, and to eat and drink and get drunk.

    Luke 12:45

    • ἄρξηταιarxetaiverb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 3rd person singulartagged: shall begin
  • After the master of the house gets up and shuts the door, you will stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ But he will reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’

    Luke 13:25

    • ἄρξησθεarxestheverb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 2nd person pluraltagged: you may begin
  • Then you will say, ‘We ate and drank with you, and you taught in our streets.’

    Luke 13:26

    • ἄρξεσθεarxestheverb · future middle, indicative · 2nd person pluraltagged: will you begin
  • Then the host who invited both of you will come and tell you, ‘Give this man your seat.’ And in humiliation, you will have to take the last place.

    Luke 14:9

    • ἄρξῃarxeverb · future middle, indicative · 2nd person singulartagged: you will begin
  • But one after another they all began to make excuses. The first one said, ‘I have bought a field, and I need to go see it. Please excuse me.’

    Luke 14:18

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • Otherwise, if he lays the foundation and is unable to finish the work, everyone who sees it will ridicule him,

    Luke 14:29

    • ἄρξωνταιarxontaiverb · aorist middle, subjunctive · 3rd person pluraltagged: may begin
  • saying, ‘This man could not finish what he started to build.’

    Luke 14:30

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • After he had spent all he had, a severe famine swept through that country, and he began to be in need.

    Luke 15:14

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • For this son of mine was dead and is alive again! He was lost and is found!’ So they began to celebrate.

    Luke 15:24

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: they began
  • And as He approached the descent from the Mount of Olives, the whole multitude of disciples began to praise God joyfully in a loud voice for all the miracles they had seen:

    Luke 19:37

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • Then Jesus entered the temple courts and began to drive out those who were selling there.

    Luke 19:45

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time.

    Luke 20:9

    • Ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began
  • When these things begin to happen, stand up and lift up your heads, because your redemption is drawing near.”

    Luke 21:28

    • Ἀρχομένωνarchomenonverb · present middle, participle · genitive (“of”) · neuter pluraltagged: Beginning
  • Then they began to question among themselves which of them was going to do this.

    Luke 22:23

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man subverting our nation, forbidding payment of taxes to Caesar, and proclaiming Himself to be Christ, a King.”

    Luke 23:2

    • Ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: They began
  • But they kept insisting, “He stirs up the people all over Judea with His teaching. He began in Galilee and has come all the way here.”

    Luke 23:5

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: He has begun
  • At that time ‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!”’

    Luke 23:30

    • ἄρξονταιarxontaiverb · future middle, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: They will begin
  • And beginning with Moses and all the Prophets, He explained to them what was written in all the Scriptures about Himself.

    Luke 24:27

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • and in His name repentance and forgiveness of sins will be proclaimed to all nations, beginning in Jerusalem.

    Luke 24:47

    • ἀρξάμενοιarxamenoiverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine pluraltagged: having begun

John

one use
  • After that, He poured water into a basin and began to wash the disciples’ feet and dry them with the towel that was around Him.

    John 13:5

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: He began

Acts

ten uses
  • In my first book, O Theophilus, I wrote about all that Jesus began to do and to teach,

    Acts 1:1

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • beginning from John’s baptism until the day Jesus was taken up from us. For one of these must become a witness with us of His resurrection.”

    Acts 1:22

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them.

    Acts 2:4

    • ἤρξαντοerxantoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: began
  • Then Philip began with this very Scripture and told him the good news about Jesus.

    Acts 8:35

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • You yourselves know what has happened throughout Judea, beginning in Galilee with the baptism that John proclaimed:

    Acts 10:37

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • But Peter began and explained to them the whole sequence of events:

    Acts 11:4

    • ἀρξάμενοςarxamenosverb · aorist middle, participle · nominative (subject) · masculine singulartagged: having begun
  • As I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, just as He had fallen upon us at the beginning.

    Acts 11:15

    • ἄρξασθαίarxasthaiverb · aorist middle, infinitive (“to…”)tagged: beginning
  • And he began to speak boldly in the synagogue. When Priscilla and Aquila heard him, they took him in and explained to him the way of God more accurately.

    Acts 18:26

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • When Paul had been called in, Tertullus opened the prosecution: “Because of you, we have enjoyed a lasting peace, and your foresight has brought improvements to this nation.

    Acts 24:2

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: began
  • After he had said this, Paul took bread and gave thanks to God in front of them all. Then he broke it and began to eat.

    Acts 27:35

    • ἤρξατοerxatoverb · aorist middle form, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: he began

Romans

one use
  • And once more, Isaiah says: “The Root of Jesse will appear, One who will arise to rule over the Gentiles; in Him the Gentiles will put their hope.”

    Romans 15:12

    • ἄρχεινarcheinverb · present active, infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to rule

2 Corinthians

one use
  • Are we beginning to commend ourselves again? Or do we need, like some people, letters of recommendation to you or from you?

    2 Corinthians 3:1

    • Ἀρχόμεθαarchomethaverb · present middle, indicative · 1st person pluraltagged: Are we beginning

1 Peter

one use
  • For it is time for judgment to begin with the family of God; and if it begins with us, what will the outcome be for those who disobey the gospel of God?

    1 Peter 4:17

    • ἄρξασθαιarxasthaiverb · aorist middle, infinitive (“to…”)tagged: to have begun

Where it leads

How the numbers are counted

Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.

Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.

The family is read from the lexicon by the stem the two words share, with the accents off, and a person or a place named on the stem is left out.

Hebrew and Greek text, word tagging and grammar: STEP Bible (www.STEPBible.org), Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0. Their grammar codes are written out in English here and shown as tagged beside each one.

Meaning and senses: STEP Bible TBESG (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0), the Brief lexicon based on Abbott-Smith (1922).

Dictionary key: Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890, public domain). English verse text: Berean Standard Bible (public domain, 2023).

Revised 2026-09-05. Every cited work, the sources registry →