Greek verb · G4456
πωρόω
poroopo-ro'-o
to harden
5 uses in the Greek text, one for each word STEP Bible has tagged with this key
Concordance spelling: pōróō
Word page · Part of the concordance, one page for every word of the Hebrew and Greek text. Strong's G4456is this word's number in James Strong's 1890 index of the King James Bible.
- 4 of 27New Testament books
- 5spellings
The definition in full
Strong's key (1890) · G4456
to petrify, i.e. (figuratively) to indurate (render stupid or callous)
The King James renders it: blind, harden.
James Strong, The Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (1890), public domain. Strong indexed the King James text, and this site quotes his entry as that index.
Summary
poroo is rendered "to harden". It stands 5 times in the Greek text, across four books.
- Two of the uses stand in Mark, more than in any other book.
- Its first use in canonical order opens the ledger below.Mark 6:52for they had not understood about the loaves, but their hearts had been hardened.
- The Greek text spells it five different ways.
The first use
for they had not understood about the loaves, but their hearts had been hardened.
Mark 6:52πεπωρωμένη.¶
The first use, in the order of the New Testament's books.
Where the word stands
Two of the word's five uses are in Mark.
What the word means
Each meaning, and the words it is translated by
How the Greek text is glossed, word by word
- hardened2
- were hardened2
- has hardened1
The words built on the same word-part
Each word below begins with the same letters this one begins with. A shared word-part shows a family. It does not settle what any one of them means, so each word carries its own uses on its own page. Scholars call that shared part the stem.
All 5, in canonical order
Every use, in order
Every use, grouped by book, with its verse.
5 spellings and their grammar
STEP Bible tags every word of the Hebrew and Greek text with its spelling and its grammar. Both lists below count the rows printed underneath, written out in English, with the code beside each one as it was tagged.
How it is spelled
- ἐπωρώθη1
- ἐπωρώθησαν1
- ἐπώρωσεν1
- πεπωρωμένη.¶1
- πεπωρωμένην1
The grammar of each form
- verb · aorist active, indicative · 3rd person singular1V-AAI-3S
- verb · aorist passive, indicative · 3rd person plural1V-API-3P
- verb · aorist passive, indicative · 3rd person singular1V-API-3S
- verb · perfect passive, participle · accusative (object) · feminine singular1V-RPP-ASF
- verb · perfect passive, participle · nominative (subject) · feminine singular1V-RPP-NSF
Mark
two uses
for they had not understood about the loaves, but their hearts had been hardened.
- πεπωρωμένη.¶peporomeneverb · perfect passive, participle · nominative (subject) · feminine singulartagged: hardened
Aware of their conversation, Jesus asked them, “Why are you debating about having no bread? Do you still not see or understand? Do you have such hard hearts?
- πεπωρωμένηνpeporomenenverb · perfect passive, participle · accusative (object) · feminine singulartagged: Hardened
John
one use
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”
- ἐπώρωσενeporosenverb · aorist active, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: has hardened
Romans
one use
What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened,
- ἐπωρώθησανeporothesanverb · aorist passive, indicative · 3rd person pluraltagged: were hardened
2 Corinthians
one use
But their minds were closed. For to this day the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant. It has not been lifted, because only in Christ can it be removed.
- ἐπωρώθηeporotheverb · aorist passive, indicative · 3rd person singulartagged: were hardened
Where it leads
How the numbers are counted
Every count on this page comes from STEP Bible's tagged Hebrew and Greek text, the same text the ledger prints. A use is counted once each time the tagging marks a word with this key.
Spellings are counted as the Greek text spells them, with the sentence's own punctuation taken off the word first, so a form that ends a clause is not counted as a second spelling.